美国文学期末复习提纲1、考试题型1.作家作品名称匹配2.名词解释3.根据作品内容写出作家、作品及作品简短评价4.诗歌赏析（两首诗歌，选择一首进行作答）2、作家与作品总结1）.需要记住作家和作品名字，并能准确书写出来的十六位作家，同时要求记得这些作品的评价，一两句话即可。

Washington Irving《Rip Van Winkle》Henry David Thoreau《Walden》Nathaniel Hawthorne《The Scarlet Letter》Walt Whitman《Song of Myself》Emily Dickinson《I’m Nobody!Who Are You?》、《Success Is Counted Sweetest》、《This Is My Letter to The World》、《Because I Could Not Stop for Death》(她的诗歌标题一般是诗歌的第一句话)Mark Twain《Adventures of Huckleberry Finn》O’Henry《The Cop and the Anthem》Robert Frost《Nothing Gold Can Stay》、《The Road Not Taken》、《Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening》、《Mending Wall》Sherwood Anderson《The Triumph of the Egg》Katherine Anne Porter《The Jilting of Granny Weatherall》Ezra Pound《In a Station of the Metro》、《A Pact》Langston Hughes《Cross》、《Dream》Ernest Hemingway《Indian Camp》Arthur Miller《The Death of a Salesman》Allen Ginsberg《Howl》2）.下列作家只需要记得作品和作者能够配对即可，不需要知道具体书写。

Anne Boardstreet《To My Dear and Loving Husband》Edward Taylor《Huswifery》Benjamin Franklin《The Autobiography》Patrick Henry《Speech in Virginia Convention》Thomas Jefferson《Declaration of Independence》Edgar Allen Poe《To Helen》、《Annabel Lee》Ralph Waldo Emerson《Nature》Herman Melville《Moby-Dick》Abraham Lincoln《Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address》Henry Wadsworth Langfellow《A Psalm of Life》Henry James《The Portrait of a Lady》Theodore Dreiser《Sister Carrie》Willa Cather《Neighbor Rosicky》William Carols Williams《The Red Wheelbarrow》、《Spring and All》E.E.Cummings《Your Little V oice》F.Scott.Fitzgerald《The Great Gatsby》William Faulkner《A Rose for Emily》Eugene O’Neil《Long Day’s Journey into Night》Saul Bellow《Seize the Day》Elizabeth Bishop《The Fish》Robert Lowell《Skunk Hour》Theodore Roethke《My Papa’s Waltz》Sylvia Plath《Mirror》Robert Hayden《Those Winter Sunday》3、名词解释1.American Romanticism:Romanticism is a movement that marked a partial reaction in literature,philosophy,art,religion,and politics from the Neoclassicism of the preceding period.2.Transcendentalism:It is neither logical nor systematized.It exalts feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.Transcendentalists believe in the transcendence of the“Over-soul”,an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part.3.American Realism:Realism as a movement in American literature ranged from1865to1914, and was a partial reaction to much of the earlier romantic and sentimental tradition.American Realism was grounded in the faithful reporting of all facets of everyday American life,free from subjective prejudice,idealism,or romantic color.4.International Theme:This theme is in novels of Henry James,and these novels are always set against a larger international background,usually between Europe and America,and centered on the confrontation of the two different cultures.The typical pattern of the conflict between the two cultures would be that of a young American man or woman who goes to Europe and affronts his or her destiny.5.American Naturalism:The two most important impacts were Darwin’s evolutionary theory and the French novelist Emily Zola’s idea about fiction writing.Their ideas like“the survival of the fittest”and“the human beast”became catchwords and standards of moral reference in an amoral world.6.American Modernism:It was inspired by the European avant-garde art,and was a trend of thought that affirmed the power of human beings to create,improve,and reshape their environment,with the aid of scientific knowledge,technology and practical experimentation,and was thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic.Modernist literature in America dealt with such topics as racial relationships,gender roles and sexuality,to name just few.It reached its peak in America from the1920s up to the1940s.7.Local Color:This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as Regionalism,a unique variation of American literary realism.Writers of this group captured the local color of a region through the accurate description of the characters’activities and realistic use of dialect.8.Puritanism:Puritans purified their religions beliefs and practices,and believed that God decides everything and they are God’s chosen people.Hard work,thrift,piety and sobriety were the Puritan spirit that dominated much of the earliest American writing.(或者是文学书p267的标准答案)9.The Lost Generation:The Lost Generation was applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following World War1,who rebelled against former ideals and values,but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism.The remark of Gertrude Stein,“you are all a lost generation”,addressed to Hemingway,was used as a preface to the latter’s novel,The Sun Also Rise,which brilliantly describes an expatriate group typical of the“lost generation.”4、诗歌鉴赏本题所选择的诗歌范围为以下几首Walt Whitman《Song of Myself》Emily Dickinson《I’m Nobody!Who Are You?》《Success Is Counted Sweetest》《This Is My Letter to The World》《Because I Could Not Stop for Death》Robert Frost《Nothing Gold Can Stay》《The Road Not Taken》《Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening》《Mending Wall》Ezra Pound《In a Station of the Metro》、《A Pact》Langston Hughes《Cross》、《Dream》Allen Ginsberg《Howl》题目一共四道题，任选两道题进行回答。