一、句子成分英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析（语法高手必备）英语句子成分分析（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分（一般共九中成分）；主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
（二）主语： 主语 (Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
（但在 there b e 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中， 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
）主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。
例如：（请画出主语） Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus.He can do it and so can I. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. （主语从句） （三）谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语 之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning. The plane took o ff at ten o ’clock. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may k eep the book for two weeks. He has c aught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：We are s tudents.谓语 体现时态和语态•时态（与非谓语比较）语态现在时： 一般现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时: Is /am/are+---或does/doIs/am/are+doing Has/have +done Has/have+been+doingIs/am/are+ I s /a m /a r e +b e i n g+Has/have+been+现在完成进行时:过去时:一般过去时: Was/were+---或did 过去进行时: Was/were+doing过去完成时：Had+done过去将来时：Would/should+doWas/were+Was/were+being+ Had+been+ Would/should+be+ done将来时:一般将来时:Shall/will+do Shall/will+be +将来进行时:Sh a ll/will+b e+doing 将来完成时: S h a ll/will+h ave+don e -----------------------Shall/will+have+been+非谓语动 to doto have done to be doing to be donedoinghaving done donebeing donehaving been done1. She found the door closed.2. Having been told many times, he made the same mistake.3. Given more time, we could do it much better.4. Walking on the street, he came across his former teacher.5. The meeting being held is very important.6. A big fire broke out in a shop, causing 100 deaths. （四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如 be, b ecome, g et, l ook, g row, turn, s eem 等）之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动词 ing 、介词短语及表语从句表示。
例如： 1. The weather has turned cold . 2. The speech is （五）宾语宾语（Object ）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如：（请画出宾语） 1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 5. He pretended not to see me.6. I enjoy listening to popular music.7. I think （that ）he is fit for his office. （六）宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement ），才能使句子 的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等)+宾语+宾补）。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
例如：（请画出宾语补足语） 1. His father named him Dongming. 2. They painted their boat white. 3. Let the fresh air in. 4. You mustn ’t force him to lend his money to you. 5. We saw her entering the room. 6. We often hear the song sung by him. 7. We found everything in the lab in good order. 8. We will soon make our city what your city is now. （七）定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。
定语可由以下等成分表示：（请画出定语） 1. Guilin is a beautiful city.2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.3. There are thirty women teachers in our school.4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom .6. He is reading an article about how to learn English .7. Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. （八）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial ）。
可由以下 形式表示 ：（请画出状语部分吧） 1. Light travels most quickly.2. He has lived in the city for ten years.3. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.4. He is in the room making a model plane.5. Once you begin, you must continue.9 种状语种类如下：1. How about meeting again a t six ?2. Last night she didn ’t go to the dance party because of the rain .3. I shall go there i f it doesn ’t rain .4. Mr Smith lives o n the third floor .5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care . She came in w ith a dictionary in her hand .6. In order to catch up with the others , I must work harder. In order that he can catch with the others7. He was so tired t hat he fell asleep immediately .8. She works very hard though she is old .9. I am taller than he is .（九）同位语（Appositive ）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如： （请画出同位语）1. This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.2. Many students, about 60, are in my class.（十）插入语（Parenthesis to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---)等， 如 To be frank, I don ’t quite agree with you.练习（一）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The s tudents got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall a nswer your question after c lass.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early i n t he m orning.6. His job is to t rain s wimmers.7. He took many p hotos o f t he p alaces in B eijing.8. There i s g oing t o b e an A merican f ilm tonight.9. He is t o l eave f or S hanghai tomorrow.10. His w ish is to b ecome a s cientist.11. He managed to f inish t he w ork i n t ime.12. Tom came to a sk m e f or a dvice.13. He found it important to m aster E nglish.14. Do you have anything else to s ay?15. To b e h onest，your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me y our a ddress?17. He sat there, r eading a n ewspaper.18. It is our d uty to keep our classroom clean a nd t idy.19. He noticed a man enter t he r oom.20. The apples tasted sweet.二．英语句子结构分析通常，我们可以从两个不同的角度对句子进行分类：一是按句子的结构；二是按句子的用途。