英语构词法总结集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
构词法
前缀：通常改变词义后缀：通常改变词性
a-:amoral不道德的apathy无情
dis:dishonest,disappear,disloyal,disorder
in/ir/il/im:incorrectinjusticeimpossibleillegalirregular non:non-scientistnon-smokernon-stop
un:unhappy,unreal,unofficial,unfair
3）贬义前缀mal-,mis-,pseudo-(伪…,假…)
maltreat，malfunction机能失常，malnutrition
mislead,misinform,misfortune
pseudoscientific,pseudo-realism
well:well-known,well-informed
5)表示态度或倾向的前缀
anti-(反对，防止)：antiwar,antiaircraft防空袭的
contra-(反对，相反)：contradict,contra-dance
counter-(反对，相反)：counteraction反作用
pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American,pro-slavery
6)表示时间或顺序
ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife,ex-president
fore-前，先：forefather,forethought深谋远虑
post-后的：post-war,postgraduate
pre-前的：pre-war,premature
re-再：remarriage,reconsider
7)表示地点的前缀
extra-以外的：extra-official,extralegal
fore-在前边:forehead,forefather,foretell
inter-在…之间:international,interschool
tele-远距离的:telecommunication,telescope
trans-穿越:transplant
in-内,里:inside,inland,invade
super-在…之上:superstructure上层建筑
8)表数字的前缀
uni-（统一的）：uniform,unisex(男女皆宜的)
mono-(单一):monologue,monoxide一氧化碳
bi-(二个):bicycle,bi-lingual
di-(双倍的，两重的):dialogue,dioxide二氧化碳
multi-(多的)：multimedia
semi-（半的）semiautomatic半自动的
hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球
tri-(三个)：triangle,tricolor三色旗
centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克
有些前缀可改变词性
a-,be-,en/em-
asleep,awake
befriend,beloved
enforce,enable,endanger,encourage,enrich,enlarge
常用后缀
1.1.指人的后缀
-eer:engineer,pioneer,volunteer
-er/or:singer,teacher,visitor,actor
-ess:actress,hostess
-ster:youngster,gangster
-an,ian,ese国家的人：Australian,American
-ant,ent:assistant,applicant,dependant
-ician:electrician,technician
-ist:scientist,communist,typist,chemist
-ism:socialism,realism
2.名词的后缀
-age,-al,-ion/-sion/-ation/-tion,-dom,
-hood,-ity,-ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ty,
-ure,-ics,-logy
3.形容词的后缀
名词变形容词：-ed,-ful,-ish,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-c,-ous 动词变形容词：
-able/ible:arguable,permissible
-tive/sive:talkative,decisive
4.副词的后缀－ly,-ward/wards
5.动词的后缀
-ate:attribute,calculate
-en:blacken,redden,broaden,deepen
-ify:beautify,certify,modify
-ize/ise:analyze,modernize
名词
可数名词的复数形式：
1.1.－s
2.2.以s,x,ch,sh,+es
3.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+es.
4.4.o+es:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes
a.以两个元音结尾的，+s例如：
bamboo,zoo,radio,studio,shampoo
b.外来词+s：photo,piano,kilo,tobacco,memo,auto
5.以f/fe结尾的，变f/fe为ve,+s
leaf,wife,knife,half,thief,wolf,shelf,
life
有的直接+s
roof,cliff,proof,chief,gulf,belief
6.不规则
man-menwoman-women
tooth-teethfoot-feet
child-childrengoose-geese
mouse-miceox-oxen
a.外来词（仍保持原有复数形式）
phenomenon-phenomena
criterion-criteria
formula-formulae
thesis-thesesbasis-bases
analysis-analysescrisis-crises
medium-mediacurriculum-curricula
b.单复同形
Chinese,Japanese,aircraft,sheep,deer,swine猪，
means,series,shark
7.合成的名词，只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数
lookers-on,runners-up亚军，sons-in-law,grandchildren
如没有主体名词，在最后一词后+复数词尾
drawbacks缺陷
由man,woman构成的合成名词，里面所有的成份+复数
men-servantswomendoctors
8.有些名词常以复数出现
a.scissors,trousers,pants,shorts,shoes,spectacles,glasses
b.以ing结尾的：
belongings,surroundings,doings,savings,findings,earnings,s tockings
c.contents目录，arms武器,statistics统计资料，
fireworks,thanks,clothes,valuables,headquarters
d.有些名词在词组
takepainstodo,makepreparations,makearrangements,giveregard sto,beatoddswith与…不和，giverespectsto,beinhighspirits 9.有些不可数名词，有时也可用复数。
experiences,failures,hopesandfears
10.与数词连用的名词，复数仍保持单数形式。
twodozeneggs,twohundredpeople
11.以-s结尾的学科、疾病，谓语动词用单数。
economics,electronics,mathematics,physics,politics,measles 麻疹
12.集体名词既可被视为单数，也可视为复数Myfamilyisabigone.
Myfamilyareinterestedintraveling.。