派生词（derivation ）加前缀：happy --- un happy 加后缀： develop --- develop ment 既加前缀又加后缀： employ ---un employ ment常见的否定前缀 unhappy, unnecessary, unexpected, unusual, ,加在形容词或副词前不，未（= not) un-mistake, misfortune,不幸 misunderstanding 误解加在名词、动词或及其派生词前表示错、误mis-discharge,排出 dismiss 解雇 加在名词或动词前表示分离剥夺除去dislike, disbelieve加在动词前表示相反dishonour,羞辱 加在名词或形容词前表示否定dis-相反动作incomplete, impossible. impolite, irregular, inability, 加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前不， 非， 无in- ，il-im-，ir-uncover, untie, unlock, undress 加在动词前例 词用 法意 义前 缀anti-相反，相互对立加在名词、形容词、动词前 antiwar 反战的antipathy 反感antithesis 对立；反论antibacterial 抗菌的antibody 抗体antisocial 反社会的de-表示"去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下"等 加在名词前 deforest 砍伐森林devalue 降低价值decode 破译detrain 下火车degrade 降级ill- 不 加在名词、形容词前 虐待ill-treat 信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的ill-mannered non-表示”不,非”加在名词、形容词、副词或作形容词的分词上nonexistent a.不存在的nonsmoking a.不准吸烟的nonstop a.直达的表示时间和其他关系的前缀superpower,超级大国，superstructure 上层建筑midday, midnight interchange, international 加在名词前(= above, over, upon)加在名词前(= middle)加在名词、形容词前构成动词(= between, among)表示：高级、在之上表示：中间表示:“互相”、“在一起”co-worker, coexist co-own, co-owner asleep, along, aloud, ,alive, across post-war, post-graduateprepay, prewar, preschool, prehistory foresee, foreleg, foretell 预言, foreknow 预卜renew,续借 reborn,rebuild, reappear, retell 例 词加在名词或动词前加在动词或名词前，构成派生形容词、副词或介词加在名词或形容词前(= after, behind)加在名词或形容词前(=before, in front, in advance)加在动词或名词前(= before)用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(= again)用 法表示：联合、共同表示：在 之上， 向， 在里表示：时间和顺序的“在后边”表示：在前、事先、预先表示：时间或位置的“在前面”表示：再一次，重新意 义inter-a-fore-super-mid-co-post-pre-re-前 缀常见的后缀表示人和物的名词后缀后缀-er 构词能力抽象名词和集合名词的后缀bravery, slavery, chemistry, surgery, machinery-erystrength, growth, length, wealth, truth-th childhood, brotherhood,兄弟情谊，-hood citizenship, friendship, professorship, hardship, comradeship -ship difficulty, discovery, bravery, machinery-y kingdom, wisdom, freedom-dom appearance, entrance,-ance communism, criticism, internationalism, socialism-ism argument, statement, achievement, amusement, equipment -ment majority, opportunity,-ity kindness, illness, brightness, selflessness, correctness-ness arrival, refusal, disapproval ,-al failure, temperature, pressure, pleasure, -ure marriage, luggage, postage 邮费 -age后缀为-ion 的名词add/addition, attend/attention, absorb/absorption, describe/ description, produce/production, reduce/reduction, solve/solution, determine/determination, explain/explanation, found/ foundation, observe/observation, transport/transportation有些动词不是加-ion,而是加-ition, -tion, -ation 或-sion 而变成名词，其中有些词根因读音关系而发生了变化。
satisfy/satisfaction, modify/ modification,修改多数以-fy 结尾的动词先把y 改成i 再加-cation,少数以-efy 或-fy 结尾的动词先去掉y 再加-action.admit/admission, commit/commission,承诺permit/permission, transmit/transmission 转交以-mit 结尾的动词，先把t 变成-ss,再加-ion.decide/decision, divide/division, provide/provision, invade/ invasion, expand/expansion, extend/extension 多数以-de 结尾与少数以-d 结尾的动词先把-de 或-d 变成-s 再加-ion.discuss/discussion, oppress/oppression, express/expression, possess/possession多数以-ss 结尾的动词直接加-ion.act/action, invent/invention, inspect/inspection, elect/election, select/selection, connect/connection, collect/collection, instruct/instruction, devote/devotion, pollute/pollution多数以-t 结尾的动词直接在词尾加-ion,少数以-te 结尾的动词首先去掉e 再加-ion.educate/education, liberate/liberation, translate/translation,graduate/graduation, separate/separation, operate/operation 几乎所有以-ate 结尾的动词在变为名词时首先去掉e 再加-ion.例 词规 则形容词后缀yearly, daily, orderly, lively加在名词或形容词上有...性质的，...形状的-lyeastern, western, southern 加在表示方位的名词上...方的-ern wooden, earthen, woolen 加在物质名词上由...构(制)成的-en tired, interested, learned 博学cloudy, sunny, funny, sleepy dangerous, famous, nervous homeless, harmless, wireless thankful, powerful, tearful instructive ,教育性expensive feverish, childish, bookish 书呆子English, Spanishatomic 原子, electric,电动basic 基本的important, pleasant, excellentnatural, technical, actual valuable, horrible, 例 词加在名词或动词上加在名词上加在名词上加在名词或动词上加在名词或少数名词上加在动词上加在名词或形容词上用于民族国家地名之上加在外来词干的名词上加在外来动词词干上加在名词后加在名词或及物动词后用 法有...的， 有...特征的有/多... 的，想...的充满...的，有...特性的无/不...的，不能...的充满...的， 引起... 的有...倾向的/性质的稍带...的，... 气的，...民族的，... 语的...性质的，与...有关的...的有... 性质的可/能…的意 义-ed -y -ous -less -ful -ive -ish -ic, -ical-ant, -ent -al -able 后缀副词后缀动词后缀。