考点规范练32(选修7 Unit 2)Ⅰ.阅读理解ARobots have proven very useful in different situations.But those robots are small remote-controlled tanks with a mechanical arm,and they can get hung up on narrow stairwells(楼梯井) and are stopped by ladders.“A lot of the places where you do disaster recovery are only accessible for people,”says Marc Raibert,the president of Boston Dynamics,which is providing advice and help for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA)—the scientific research department of the U.S. military(军队)—to create the most advanced robots on earth.“If you’re a humanoid—a machine or creature with the appearance and qualities of a human—access can be increased and you can use available tools.”In the future DARPA hopes,a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks,and enter power plants.That future is a long way off.Simple movements like squatting(蹲) are almost impossible for something with metal parts and skin that cannot bend,saysRaibert.Still,recent progress is impressive enough that the military has begun to bet on legged bots.The Office of Naval Research is working with Virginia Tech on a humanoid firefighting robot,and Dynamics showed off two of its latestprojects:Cheetah,a four-legged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour,and the Legged Squad Support System,a big and awkward headless robot funded by DARPA and the Marine Corps to help carry things in places like mountain areas.“Half the land on earth is too rough,sandy,or rocky for wheeled things,”says Raibert.“Humans and animals can go to t hose places.They are the only examples of successful systems that do what we’re trying to do.”None of the walking robots is meant to fight.They’re designed to put out fires and clean up industrial accidents.But they are all funded by the military.“I’m wel l aware of how the world works,”says Dennis Hong,founding director of Virginia Tech’s robotics lab.“Robots for me are tools to help society,not to fight in wars.But oncea technology leaves our lab,there’s no way to control how people can use it.”1.In Mar c Railbert’s opinion,robots need to be designed like humans to .A.accomplish complex tasksB.be controlled efficientlyC.survive disastersD.appear friendly2.Which of the following is most likely to be Cheetah?3.The underlined word “They”in Paragr aph 3 most probably refers to .A.Cheetah and the Legged Squad Support SystemB.humans and animalsC.wheeled thingsD.legged robots4.How does Dennis Hong feel about using robots in wars?A.Surprised.B.Cautious.C.Uninterested.D.Helpless.BWhen it comes to preschool education,there are two lines of thought.One says that preschoolers need to be taught early academic skills in order to get a leg up on future school achievement.Another says the focus should be on social and emotional development.But,new research from Penn State University says a high quality preschool program should do both.Karen Bierman,Penn State Professor of Psychology,and her team studied 350 preschoolers.Half were taught the traditional curriculum(课程).The other half were given the basic curriculum as well as social and emotional teachings.The results show that the half students taught with a curriculum that includes social lessons,such as sharing,listening,and self-control,score higher in both the social and academic areas of school readiness that the other half students.The other finding is that when you work on both academic and social-emotional skills,you get stronger gains in both areas.“You get the c ombined power when you put both together,so neither area is weakened,”she says.Clearly,knowing how to share,develop healthy friendships,and learn side-by-side with others is important to a child’s academic achievement in theclassroom.But,Bierman says the importance of social and emotional education goes beyond that.Preschool is prime time for the development of self-regulation,which not only tells a child not to hit another child,but also tells a child how to set personal goals and focus himself enough to follow through with those goals.And the ability to regulate behavior is what helps children get motivated at school.“When they get upset,bored,or frustrated,it doesn’t defeat them,”she says.Goal-oriented(面向目标的) and motivated learning is best taught inpreschool,Bierman says,when the prefrontal part of the brain,which controls decision-making,is at the height of development.“First grade teachers can teach letter names,but preschool is when that behavior is peaking and language is just beginning to develop,”she says.5.Karen Bierman and her team carried out the research by .A.tracking 350 preschoolers for yearsB.separating children into two equal groupsC.working out a high quality preschool programD.analyzing the importance of social and emotional teaching6.The underlined words “prime time”in the text probably refer to .A.the best timeB.the only timeC.the earliest timeD.the suitable time7.According to the text,self-regulation can help children .A.be willing to studyB.become emotionlessC.memorize letter namesD.learn language quickly8.What’s the best title for the text?A.Preschool learning:more than ABCs and 123sB.Karen Bierman:freeing kids from boring learningC.Learning self-regulation in preschool:why it matters?D.Academic and social-emotional skills:which is more important?Ⅱ.七选五Five simple things that are actually complexThe proof for“1+1=2”is300pages long1. In the early 20th century,Bertrand Russell wanted to prove that mathematics worked,so he decided to start with the simplest concept and prove1+1=2.However,it took the mathematician and philosopher 372 pages of complex sums. Defining the word“the” is really difficultThe word “the”is one of the most co mmon words in English.2. For example,why do we say,“I have the flu,”but not“I have the headache?”In the Oxford English Dictionary,there are almost two dozen different ways the word can be used in a sentence correctly:YawningSome people say we yawn to keep us alert(警觉的) by taking inoxygen.However,various experiments have shown that yawning actually cools down the brain.3. As for why yawning is contagious(感染性的),no one knows that either. Left and right have been confusing philosophers for yearsWould you explain the concept of left and right in terms of your relativeposition to a well-known landmark(地标性建筑)?4.It’s a question that has been puzzling philosophers for years because,without a point of reference,it’s difficult to define what left and right actually are.5.You’d think that the reason we enjoy things is because it feels good in some way,but it’s only half the story.There’s a famous experiment where wine experts were fooled into thinking a cheap bottle of wine was an outstanding one just by switching the l abels.Their enjoyment of the product wasn’t based on appreciation of wine—it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine.A.What you feel may not be the truth.B.We enjoy things for reasons other than enjoyment.C.But what if you were talkin g to one who couldn’t see?D.We all know that one plus one equals two,but do you know why?E.In fact,there is no universally agreed theory for why we actually yawn.F.Maybe you’d refer to the move of the Earth or something comparably huge.G.Most of us have probably never stopped to think about how strange a word itactually is.Ⅲ.书面表达假设你是李华。