岩土工程专业英语Fossil化石石灰岩limestone石英quartz管涌piping大地工程geotechnical engineering反分析法back analysis method 数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics土力学soil mechanics岩土工程 geotechnical engineering 应力路径stress path层理beding地质年代geological age断层 faultNormal，reverse断裂构造fracture structure花岗岩 granite滑坡 landslide节理 joint喀斯特 Karst泥石流 "mud flow, debris flow" 砂岩 sandstone岩爆 rock burst岩层产状 attitude of rock岩石构造 structure of rock岩石结构 texture of rock岩体 rock mass页岩 shale云母 mica褶皱 "fold, folding"饱和土 saturated soil非饱和土 unsaturated soil膨胀土 "expansive soil, swelling soil"碎石土 "stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus"未压密土（台） underconsolidated clay伊利土 illite原状土 undisturbed soil不均匀系数"coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient"干重度 dry unit weight塑性指数 plasticity index含水量"water content, moisture content"达西定律 Darcy's law渗流 seepage渗透力 seepage force渗透性 permeability 变形 deformation变形模量 modulus of deformation泊松比 Poisson's ratio割线模量 secant modulus剪胀 dilatation蠕变 creep塑性变形 plastic deformation弹性变形 elastic deformation有效应力 effective stress最终沉降 final settlement巴隆固结理论Barron'sconsolidation theory次固结 secondary consolidation固结 consolidation残余强度 residual strength长期强度 long-term strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tensiontest峰值强度 peak strength抗剪强度 shear strength摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulombtheory内摩擦角angle of internalfriction粘聚力cohesion极限平衡状态state of limitequilibrium临塑荷载critical edge pressure被动土压力passive earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest主动土压力active earth pressure毕肖普法 Bishop method条分法slice method土坡 slope挡土墙 retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retainingwall板桩结构sheet pile structure锚固技术anchoring管涌piping基底附加应力net foundationpressure抗滑桩 anti-slide pile摩擦桩 friction pile群桩效应 efficiency of pile groups复合地基 composite foundation桩土应力比 stress ratio地震烈度 earthquake intensity不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxialtest塑限试验 plastic limit test液限试验liquid limit test十字板剪切试验vane shear test 现场渗透试验 field permeabilitytest 原位试验in-situsoil test岩石力学英语专业词汇 anchored cables 锚索 forces in cables 锚索中的力 An-isotropy 各向异性，有向性，非均质性 Anticline 背斜 向斜（syncline ） arch dams 拱坝 arch gravity dams 重力拱坝，拱形重力坝 Austrian method 奥地利施工法 NATM （New Austrian Tunnelling Method ） 新奥法 ~ for tunnel lining 奥地利隧道支护法 Basalt 玄武岩 Bedding joints 层理 Biotite 黑云母 Bolts (同rock bolts) 锚杆 bore holes 钻孔 brittle fracture of rock 岩石脆性破坏，岩石脆性断裂 Calcite 方解石 classification of rocks 岩石分类 rock slides 岩石滑动，岩石滑移 Sandstones 砂岩 Strain-stress curves 应力-应变曲线 Cobble 大卵石 collapse of tunnel roof or wall 隧道冒顶或片帮 Concrete 混凝土 contour diagrams 等高线图，轮廓线图 convergence in tunnels 隧道中的收敛 Coulomb （Coulomb-Mohr ）law of shear 库仑（库仑-莫尔）剪应力定律或准则 crushing of rock masses 岩石破碎 ~ round tunnels 隧道周围的岩体破碎 dam foundations 坝基础 density of rock 岩石密度 Displacements 位移 dynamic tests 动态试验 effective stress 有效应力 failure of rock 岩石破坏，岩石断裂 brittle failure, shear failure, tensile failure, visco-plastic failure 脆性破坏，剪切破坏，拉伸破坏，粘-塑形破坏 progressive failure of rock mass 岩体的渐进破坏 finite element method （f. e. m.）of numerical stress analysis 岩石应力分析的有限元方法 fissure in rock 岩石中的裂纹，岩石中的裂缝 fractures of rock 岩石断裂，岩石裂缝 Friction 摩擦 angle of Friction 摩擦角 hardness of rocks 岩石的硬度 horizontal stress 水平应力 hydrostatic pressure 静水压力 in situ tests and measurements 现场试验与测量 International Society of rock mechanics 国际岩石力学协会，国际岩石力学学会 jack 千斤顶 ~ in toe of dam 位于坝趾的千斤顶 joint 节理 strength of ~ 节理强度 Jurassic rock 侏罗纪岩石 Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程 Macrofractures 宏观裂纹 Marble 大理石 Microfractures 微观破坏，、微观断裂 mining engineering 采矿工程 modulus of elasticity （Young modulus ）弹性模量（杨氏模量） Mohr circle 莫尔圆 moment ， 力矩 Mudstone 泥岩 Openings 峒室，巷道 circular ~ 圆形巷道，圆形峒室 Darcy ’s law for ~ 达西岩石渗水定律 permeability factor K 渗透性系数 Phyllite 千枚岩，硬绿泥岩 physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质 plastic deformation of rock 岩石的塑性变形 Poisson ’s ratio 泊松比pore pressure 孔隙压力 power stations 地下电站pulvino (pressure distribution slab)压力分布板 rock quality designation 岩石质量指标 Quartz 石英rate of loading 加载率relaxation of rock masses 岩体的松弛 rock bolting 岩石锚杆，岩石锚杆支护 safety factor 安全系数 scale effect 尺寸效应 seismic wave tests on rock; on dam site 岩石的，坝址的地震波试验shear stress剪应力Shotcrete喷射混凝土Slope斜坡，边坡stability of ~边坡稳定性sonic waves声波Steel钢，钢材arches of ~钢拱形支架Survey测量geological ~地质测量geophysical ~地球物理测量tensile strength抗拉强度tension joint张节理，受拉接头triaxial compression test三轴压缩试验Tunnels隧道，巷道lining of ~隧道支护vertical stress垂直应力void ratio空隙比volumetric strain-stress curve体积应变-应力曲线water pressure水压water table水位，地下水位地震烈度 earthquake intensity 一:单词翻译①strain-stress activ应力-应变活动②seepage 渗透③cohesion内聚力④the texture and structure 结构和构造⑤consolidation 固结⑥angle of meternal friction内摩擦角⑦geotechnical engineering岩土工程⑧beding 层理⑨fault 断层⑩joint 节理11.fold褶皱 ndslide滑坡13.sandstone砂岩 14.illite 伊利土 15.Darcy’s law 达西定律 16.saturated soid 饱和土17.effective stress有效应力18.secondary consolidation次固结19. granite花岗岩 20.basalt玄武岩 21.marble大理岩22. passive earth pressure被动土压力23.earth pressure at rest静止土压力 24.active earth pressure主动土压力25.NATM新奥法26.RQD岩石质量系数 27.moment 力矩28.quaritz石英29.void vatio 空隙比30.couples力偶 31.failure破坏32.soil texture 土壤33.lining 支衬 34.bolts 锚钉35.cable 锚索 36.pile 桩37.IAEG(international association of engineering geology) 国际工程地质学会38.ISRM(International Societv of ReconstructiveMicrosurgery,Australia) 国际岩石力学学会39. ASCE(The American Society of Civil Engineers) 美国土木工程师学会40.anticlines 背斜41.synclines向斜42.normal 正断层43.reverse 逆断层44.left-lateral 平移断层环境与土木工程学院: College of Enviroment and Civil Engineering (Chengdu University of Technology )压缩法、混成法．符号法和宇母象形法．合成法由相互独立的两个或更多的词合成得到新词派生法通过对词根加上各种前缀或后缀来构成新词翻译过程一般经过三个阶段:理解、表达、校对a building project of high-rise apartment houses高层公寓大楼的建筑项目one of the common defects in tunnel maintenance隧道养护中普遍存在的问题之一二.简答或填空1.三大检索 SCI(科学引文索引) EI(工程索引) ISTP(科技会议录)2.岩石边坡破坏类型四大类①planar failure 极限平衡分析（平面型）②wedge failure 赤平投影法③rotational 条分法（圆弧型）④toppling 数值计算 3.岩土工程三门专业基础课 工程地质engineering geology 岩石力学rock mechanics 土力学oil mechanics 4.摘要四大部分 报道性摘要(informative abstract) (2)指示性摘要(indicative abstract) 报道-指示性摘要(informative- indicative abstract) ①背景信息，目的陈述what I want to do? ②方法论和语法how ido it ③研究结果/发现 what results did I get and conclusions can I draw? ④研究所带来的启示/结论what is and original this paper 5.岩土工程专业英语特点客观性（Objective ）、准确性（accuracy ）和精练性(conciseness) ①广泛使用被动语态①mathematics is used in many different fields, ②People use mathematics in many different fields, ②广泛使用非谓语形式The signal should be filtered before it is amplified. The signal should be filtered before being amplified ③省略句使用频繁If it is possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system. If possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system. ④It 句型和祈使句使用频繁 ⑤复杂长句使用频繁It has been mentioned above that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal, that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part ⑥后置形容词短语作定语多（of ） 省略句使用频繁 As already discussed 前已讨论If so 倘若如此 As previously mentioned 前已提到 When needed (necessary, feasible)必要时 Where feasible 在实际可行的场合 Where possible 在可能的情况下 As explained before 前已解释 As described above 如上所示 If possible (necessary)如果可能 （必要）6.地层产状要素 strike(走向) dip(倾角) dip direction(倾向)7.岩石圈的演化过程 igneous rock(岩浆岩) metamorphic(变质岩) sedimentary(沉积岩) 三，句子翻译 1.a building project of high-rise apartment house. 高层公寓大楼的建筑项目 2.one of the common defects in tunnel maintenance 隧道养护中的普遍存在的问题之一 3.the forces keeping the beam stranght must,by a fundamental law of statics, equal the load tending to fold it up. 根据静力学原理，使梁保持平直的力必定等于将其压弯的荷载 4.about one third of all accidents happen when it is dark ,although obriously there is more traffic during daytime 大约三分之一的事故发生在黑夜，尽管明显有更多的交通事故发生在白天 5.such construction procedure can increase producticity over 3 times 这种程序可以提高生产力的3倍以上 6.the production cost has reduced four times 生产成本降低了四倍四：英文摘要填空The results with high precision are hard to achieve rapidly by means of conventional method such as theoretical analysis and numerical calculation; slope engineering is a highly complicated nonlinear system. A new prediction method based on Gaussian process (GP), as a probabilistickernel leaning machine and a powerful tool for solving highly nonlinear problems,is proposed for slope stability evaluation. The GP model for slope stability evaluation is established and applied to the practical engineering. The results show that the method can find the nonlinear mapping relationship between classifications of slope stability and influencing factors easily. Furthermore, the reasonable, reliable and probabilistic results of slope stability evaluation can be obtained quickly by using the method. In conclusion, the method is feasible, effective and simple to implement slope stability evaluation and to provide a new way for fast design of slope engineering.针对边坡工程是复杂的非线性系统，采用常规的理论分析和数值计算方法难以满足对边坡稳定性评价的高精度与快速性的要求，为此，提出对处理非线性复杂问题具有很好的适应性一种有概率意义的核学习机—高斯过程机器学习方法来解决边坡稳定性的合理评价问题，建立了相应的边坡稳定性预测模型。