八年级英语鲁教版重点知识整理短语：1、yard sale 现场出售，院子买卖2、check out 检查check up 检查，清理3、look through 看穿;仔细检查;穿过…看;对（某人）视而不见look up 向上看；查找;改善；拜访look for 寻找look after 照顾，照料，料理4、say goodbye to sb 道别see you againI'll be seeing you.;So long.5、no longer 不再，已不not any moreno morenot any longer6、part with 失去，卖掉，与…分割开7、as for 至于；关于8、to be honest 说实话（to）tell the truth9、clear out 清除；离开；洗劫一空10、be back to 回来，放回depart from 离开11、one of ……中的一个12、be away 离开，出发13、be full of 充满14、run around 东奔西跑look around 四周环顾around the world 全世界around three hours 大约三小时15、hundreds of 数以百计的16、close to 离…近，与…关系亲密17、for/since 区别（1）since 的四种用法①、since + 过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago. 1990 , last month ,half past sixI have been here since 1990. 1990起，我一直在这儿。
②、since+ 一段时间+agoI h a v e b e e n h e r e s i n c e f i v e m o n t h s a g o。
自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。
③、since+从句GreatChangeshave taken place since you left. 自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。
④、It is +一段时间+since从句I t i s t w o y e a r s s i n c e I b e c a m e a n E n g l i s h t e a c h e r.我成为英语老师有两年了。
（2、）Since 和for区别①、Since +时间点，具体时间“自从、、、、以来，从、、、以后” 用来说明动作起始时间I have been in Beijing since 2010.②、For + 时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。
I have been in Beijing for one year。
We have learnt English for about three years.I have been here for 3 days. (对)I have arrived here for 3 days.（误）6、18、either; too; also; as well 的区别（1）、as well常用作状语,作“又；也”解,相当于too或also,常位于句末,无须用逗号与句子分开.如：I am going to London and my sister is going as well（＝going,too）. （2）、as well 可以直接用于just后,用作应答语（可视为It's just as well、的省略）,作“幸亏,幸而；无妨；没关系”解.如：—We were too late to see the film.—Just as well、I hear it isn't very good.（3）、also，either与too三者都是“也”的意思，also ,too 用于肯定句，其中also 用于句中，too用于句尾，且前面有逗号；either用于否定句,且前面有逗号。
例如：His father is a doctor; his mother is also a doctor.His father is a doctor; his mother is a doctor, too.His father isn't a doctor; his mother isn't a doctor, either.句型：1、How long have you had that bike?2、I’ve had it for three years.3、Have you ever played football?4、Yes, I did when I was little.5、As they get bigger our house seems to get smaller.[来源:学科网6、Have done...since...7、How long has it been there?8、It has been there for…/since…/as long as…9、find much time to do sth10、It’s a shame that…11、According to…12、regard…with…13、It’s such a …14、have ever been to…15、have never been to…16、have gone to…17、It’s unbelievable that…18、encourage sb to do…语法：过去完成时1、概念：表示某个动作或状态发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响，这个动作或状态也可能已经结束，也可能还要继续下去。
2、现在完成时态的构成：助动词have / has +动词的过去分词。
当主语为第三人称单数用has,其余人称用have。
否定句在助动词have/ has 后加not ；疑问句则把助动词Have/ Has 提放到主语之前。
如：I have worked here for ten years .She hasn't been to the Great Wall .Have you been to Beijing ?3、现在完成时态的用法（1）、表示过去某时刻发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just , ever, never…..before, this morning, now , today , so far , in the last/ past+时间段、over +时间段, recently，by+现在时间等连用如：Tom has already finished his homework.We have had two classes this morning.（2）、表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与for 引导的一段时间或since 引导的时间点或过去时间状语从句连用。
如：Mr Green has lived in China for five months.Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago.Mr Green has lived in China since he came to China.4、have/ has been to 与have/ has gone to 区别（1）、have/ has been to 表曾去过某地（现在已不在该地），其后可接表次数的时间名词。
如：Have they been to E'mei Mountain?（2）、have/ has gone to 表示去某地了（现在不在说话的现场），其后不能用任何时间名词。
如：Where is Jim ? He has gone to the library.（3）、have/ has been in /at表曾在某地住过、停留过，其后常跟for 或since 引导的时间状语。
如：I have been at that village for ten years.5、短暂性动词与延续性动词在完成时态中的运用（1）、在肯定句中，不能和for,since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用在how long 引起的特殊疑问句中。
(2). 凡是"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
(3). 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。
另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。
但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。
（4）、大部分短暂性动词可以根据实际情况改为相应的延续性动词来表达相同或相近的意思，常用的列举如下：borrow /lend→keep buy →have leave →be away( from) die →be deadjoin →be in / be a member ofget to know →know begin →be oncome →be / live / stay put on →wear catch a cold →have a coldget/go to sleep/ fall asleep →sleep, be asleep get up / wake up →be upgo to school →be at school get/ receive (接收）→havehear from →have a letter from finish →be overgo / come / arrive /get(到达)/reach →be(in/at)(5)、句型1：It is / has been +时间段+since +句子（过去时态）It is five years since he came to China.句型2：It’s [will be] the first time that…(第一次…)：It’s the first time I’ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。