英语重点知识整理Chapter 1重点短语：1、pour into 倒入2、two liters of water 两升水3、flow into 流入4、turn on \off the tap开\关水龙头5、two thirds 三分之二6、look around \round 四周看7、nod one’s head点头8、shake one’s head 摇头同义短语：1、in the first place=at first=in the beginning 首先；起初2、be valuable=be of great value 宝贵的3、obey the rules =follow the rules 遵守规则知识要点：1、It be +形容词+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做什么怎么样E.g. It’s difficult for me to play basketball well.2感官动词：sound,feel,look,smell,taste+形容词E.g. This song sounds good.3 remember to do sth 记得去做E.g. Remember to turn off the light when you leave.拓展：remember doing sth 记得做过forget doing sth. 忘记做过forget to do sth.忘记去做4、until 直到……才E.g. I left until 5 o’clock.5、spend (spent)……on 花费pay（paid）……for 付款E.g. I spent twenty yuan on the book.I paid twenty yuan for the book.语法：There be 句型There is+单数\不可数(a lot of, some，little, much, a little, no)There are+复数（a lot of, some, a few,few,no,many）How much+单数\不可数How many+复数同义句:1、Lily froze.Lily was frightened and stopped moving suddenly.2、I spent 20 yuan on the book.I paid 20 yuan for the book.3、I waited until you called me.I didn’t leave until you called me.4、We cleaned up the classroom this morning.We made the classroom clean this morning.5、Water comes from the sea in the first place.Water comes from the sea at first.6、Oxygen is valuable.Oxygen is of great value.Chapter 2重点短语：1、hold a meeting 开会2、millions of数百万的3、decide to do sth.决定做某事4、ask for 请求5、take note 做笔记6、vote for sb.投票给某人7、in one week’ s time 一周以后8、take part in 参加同义短语：1、take charge of=be responsible for=be in charge of 负责2、ought (not) to=should (not) （不）应该3、consider=think(thought) about 考虑4、consider=finish 完成5、lend sb. sth. =lend sth. to sb. = borrow sth. from sb.6、briefly=in a few words 简单的7、take over=discuss 讨论知识要点：1、hold (held) 举行hold a meeting=have a meetingE.g. We held a meeting last week.2 、decide to do sth. 决定做某事make a decision 做决定E.g. I decided to get up early everyday.3、suggest v. 建议suggestion n.advise v. 建议advice n.用法:suggest doing sth. advise to do sth.4 、free 免费的be free to 对……免费E.g. These newspapers are free to people.扩展：free 空闲的反义词:busy 忙碌5、what about \how about ……怎么样常用来征求对方的看法或意见，后面可接名词、代词或动名词E.g. What\How about playing basketball?语法：how \what 用法How +形容词或副词+主语+谓语E.g. How tall he is!What +名词或名词短语+主语+谓语E.g. What a tall boy he is!转换：She is a beautiful girl.How beautiful she is!What a beautiful girl she is!注意：weather、fun、time不可数E.g. What nice weather it is!同义句：1、We made a decision to have a meeting next week.We decided to have a meeting next week.2、They considered the last question.They thought about the last question.3、Tim was absent today.Tim was not here today.4、Arthur is responsible for taking notes.Arthur takes charge of taking notes.Arthur is in charge of taking notes.5、We are talking about this question now.We are discussing this question now.Chapter 3重点短语：1．work as 从事……工作 2.get information 搜索信息3．protect the innocent保护无辜者 4.look for 寻找5．find the guilty找到罪犯 6.deny doing sth.否认做某事7．admit (to) doing sth. 承认做某事8. notice sb. doing sth. 留意到…正在做某事同义短语：1.instead of=in place of 代替2.show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth. 把某物给某人看3.no longer=not……any longer=not……any more不再4.question sb.=ask sb. some questions提问某人知识要点：1. alone（adv.）独自lonely （adj.）孤独的alone=by oneself=on one’s own 独自E.g. He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.2. recent （adj.）最近的recently （adv.）最近地E.g. Please tell me your recent life.语法：动词不定式和动名词动词不定式：动词+to doE.g.He wants to be a doctor in the future.She came to Beijing last year.I agreed to go with him.动名词: 动词+doingE.g. I enjoy listening to the music.He admitted stealing her purse.They suggested going to the park.注意：1.大部分动词用动词不定式，少部分动词用动名词;2.let、make后面直接加do;3.有一些特殊动词不定式句子：My father helps me learn English.Mr. Lin let us finish it by ourselves.I saw Peter enter the bank.I often hear Lily sing songs.The boss made the workers work 16 hours a day last week.句型：It’s +adj. +to do sth.E.g. It’s time to have lunch.It’s easy to get fat to eat too much sweet.It’s harmful to your health to smoke a lot.同义句：1. We study English as well as Chinese.We study English and Chinese.2. I go to school by bus instead of by car.I go to school by bus in place of by car.3. He is no longer a student.He isn’t a student any longer.He isn’t a student any more.4. The detective questioned her.The detective asked her some questions.Chapter 4重点短语：1. in one’ s opinion 按某人的意见2.be unaware of不知道3. the answer to……的答案4.raise a question提出问题5. more importantly更重要的是6.for these reasons由于这些原因同义短语：1.tiny=very small 极小的2.dependent on=rely on 依赖于3.rarely=seldom 很少4.hardly ever=seldom 几乎不5.for the time being=now 暂时知识要点：1.operate =make sth. work 操作拓展：operate on sb. 给某人做手术2.be unaware of 不知道E.g. I am unaware of ……=I don’t know……3.in one’s opinion 按某人的意见来看E.g.In my opinion, he is right.=I think he is right.4. the answer to ……(n.) ……的答案answer ……(v.) 回答……E.g. The answer to this question is 24.He answers the question.语法：形容词的比较级和最高级构成：1.一般直接在形容词后加er\est2.以e 结尾直接加r\st3.以辅音字母结尾加y ，把y变i，加er\est4.重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母，再加er\est5.不规则（要熟记）注意：(1)比较词前加much表示程度上的差别E.g. Tony is much tall than Peter.(2)最高级后面可用in，of，among等来说明比较范围E.g.1.Jingji 100 is the tallest building in the Shenzhen.2. This apple is the biggest of all.3. Mary is the youngest among them.Chapter 5重点短语：1.rush down 冲下2.run a competition举办一个比赛3.seconds later 几秒种后4. by midnight到了半夜5. except for 除了6. make jokes about讲关于……笑话7. succeeded in doing sth. 成功做某事同义短语：1. run=make sth. work 运作2.drag……into=pull……into 把……拉进来3. seconds later=after a while 过了一会儿4. make jokes about\on=play jokes about\on 取笑……知识要点：1. celebrate + n. 庆祝……E.g. They are celebrating Tim’s birthday.2. competition (n.) 比赛拓展：compete (v.) 比赛……competitor(n.)参赛者E.g. I want to attend this competition.3. look out= be careful拓展：look for 寻找look after 照顾look over = examine 检查look down upon sb. 看不起某人look up to 看得起；尊重5.expect for除了= not including比较except 、except for、besideThe bus was empty, except for tom. （前后不同类）We go to school every day except weekend. （前后不同类）We have winter holiday besides summer holiday.（相当于and）6.succeed in doing sth. = be successful in doing sth.成功做某事7.take turn 轮流This time it’s your turn to clean the classroom.语法：现在完成时1.结构：have、has+过去分词（1）for +表示一段时间的短语（2）since+表示过去时间点的词语（3）since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句E.g. I have been a teacher for a year.I have been at this school since 1998.We have learned 1,000 English words since we came to this school.2.already（已经……用于肯定句），yet（还没有用于否定句），never（从不），ever（曾经），just（刚刚），before（之前）此类副词，常强调动作完成。