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5.缺氧


【Definiens】 The degree of connected 1g Hb to oxygen SO2% = CO2 – O2 dissolved physically in plasma/ CO2max 【Normal value】
SaO2:93%~98%;
SvO2:70%~75%。 【Significance】 反映Hb与氧的结合程度。 【Influence】 PaO2。
Alveoli
Gas exchange
Alveolar capillary
Gas transport
Bound to haemoglobin
Tissue cells Internal respiration
Classification of hypoxia
Classification and Etiology
Factors affecting oxygen dissociation curve
Hypoxia

P50
【Definiens】 One measure of the position of the curve is the PO2 at the 50% SO2. 【Normal value】 3.47~3.6 kPa (26~27mmHg)。 【Significance】
Hypoxia
1 2 3 4 5
氧分压(Partial pressure of oxygen, PO2) 血氧容量(Oxygen binding capacity, CO2max) 氧含量(Oxygen content, CO2) 动-静脉氧差(A-VdO2)
氧饱和度(Oxygen saturation, SO2)
(1)贫血(Anemia)
(2)氧离曲线左移(Higher affinity of Hb to oxygen)
输入大量库存血液;输入过量硷性液;某些血红蛋白病。
(3)一氧化碳中毒(Carbon monoxide poisoning)
(4)高铁血红蛋白血症(Methemoglobinemia, MHb)
(1)氰化物中毒(Cyanide Poisoning) HCN H+ + CN¯ CN¯+ Cytaa3Fe3+ Cyt aa3Fe3+-CN¯
cell death
interrupt electron transfer in the respiratory chain
(2)维生素严重缺乏(Vitamin deficiency) (3)线粒体损伤(Mitochondria injury) (4)组织需氧增加(The need of oxygen in tissues increased)
表 各类血液性缺氧的血氧变化
CO2max PaO2 SaO2 CaO2 PvO2 SvO2 CvO2 A-VdO2
贫血
CO中毒 Hb与氧亲合力

↓ 正

正 正

正 正

↓ 正

↓ 正

↓ ↑

↓ ↑

↓ ↓
Discuss and Analysis
循环性缺氧的血气变化有何特点?
Characteristics of blood oxygen
The P50 indicates affinity
of hemoglobin for oxygen. 【Influence】
P50
H+、CO2 、温度、2、3-DPG
Classification of hypoxia
呼吸与氧利用
Air
Ventilation External respiration
【Significance】
反映100ml血液流经组织时所提供的氧量或组织细胞利用氧量。
【Normal value】
A-VdO2通常为2. 23~3.57mmol/L(5ml%~8ml%)。
19ml/dl A O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 5ml/dl O2 14ml/dl V
Hypoxia

Oxygen saturation, SO2
【Definiens】
CO2max Is the maximum amount of oxygen combined by Hb in 100ml blood under fully saturated condition in which the PO2 is 150mmHg, PCO2 40mmHg, and the temperature is 38℃.
CO2max正常或稍增加(单纯性急性低张性缺氧时);
PaO2↓;SaO2↓;CaO2↓(PaO2必须低于60mmHg);

PvO2↓;SvO2↓;CvO2↓; A-VdO2↓。
Discuss and Analysis
血液性缺氧的血气变化有何特点?
Characteristics of blood oxygen


(hypoxia)
Hypoxia
一、概念(Concept)
【Hypoxia】
当组织的氧供应不足,或组织利用氧障碍时,导致机体功能、 代谢和形态结构的异常变化,甚至危及生命的病理状态。 Hypoxia is referred to a pathological process in which oxygen supply to tissues or organs is inadequate to meet the demand of cells, or there is adequate delivery to tissue but the tissue cells cannot make use of oxygen, leading to changes in functions,metabolisms and structures of cells and tissues of the body.
Hypotonic Hypoxia (Hypoxic Hypoxia) Hemic Hypoxia (Isotonic Hypoxia)
Circulatory Hypoxia(Hypokinetic Hypoxia)
Histogenous Hypoxia(Histotoxic Hypoxia)
Classification of hypoxia
Discuss and Analysis
讨论与分析
Discuss and Analysis
Discuss and Analysis
哪些属于低张性缺氧动物实验? 哪些属于血液性缺氧动物实验? 哪些属于循环性缺氧动物实验? 哪些属于组织性缺氧动物实验?
Discuss and Analysis
低张性缺氧的血气变化有何特点? Characteristics of blood oxygen
【Normal value】
CO2max: 8.92mmol/L (1.34ml/g×15gHb%
【Influence】 =20ml%)。
Hb的质(Hb结合氧的能力)和量 【Significance】 血氧容量大小反映血液携氧能力(Oxygen-carrying capacity)。
Hypoxia
பைடு நூலகம் Hypoxia
【Hypoxemia】
指动脉血氧含量明显降低引起对组织供氧不足。
Oxygen content of the arterial blood is lower than normal
that is called hypoxemia.
Hypoxia
二、血氧检测指标
(Parameters of blood oxygen)
CO2max正常; PaO2 正常;CaO2 正常;SaO2 正常。 PvO2↓、CvO2↓、SvO2↓; A-V dO2大于正常值。
Discuss and Analysis
CaO2约8.47mmol/L(19.3ml%);CvO2为5.35mmol/L(14ml%)。
【Significance】
提示血液实际供氧水平。
【Influence】 PaO2 & CO2max。
Hypoxia

A-VdO2
【Definiens】
The difference value is between arterial and venous blood oxygen content.
(四)组织性缺氧(Histogenous hypoxia)
1.特征(Feature)
由于组织、细胞利用氧障碍所引起的缺氧,称组织性缺氧。
The tissue cells cannot make use of oxygen supplied to them because of the action of a toxic agent. 2.原因(Causes)
P50
6
Hypoxia

Partial pressure of oxygen, ( PO2 )
【Definiens】
PO2 is the pressure or tension caused by oxygen physically Dissolved in the blood. 【Normal value】
■Oxygen
content ( CO2 )
【Definiens】 The total amount of oxygen contained actually in 100 ml blood sample, including the part combined with Hb and the part physically dissolved in plasma. 【Normal value】
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