Abstract一、在摘要中直接提出论文主题的句型和句式1、In this paper, we present a … approach to …本文提出了一种针对…的…方法。

2、In this paper, we describe improved … models for …本文介绍几种针对…的改进的…模型。

3、We propose a new … model and … algorithm that enables us to …我们提出一种新的…模型和…算法，它让我们能够…4、We present a … model that enables …我们提出了一种…模型，它使我们能够…5、This paper demonstrates the ability of … to perform robust and accurate …本文证明了…进行…可靠准确的…的能力。

6、In this paper we report results of a … approach to …本文报导了…的…方法的实验结果。

7、This paper demonstrates that … can effectively … with very high accuracy.本文证明，…能够有效地准确地…8、The purpose/goal/intention/objective/object/emphasis/aim of this paper is …本文的目的是…9、The primary/chief/overall/main object of this study is to survey …本研究的首要目标是考察…10、The chief aim of this paper/research/study/experiment/the present work is …本文的主要目标是…11、 The emphasis of this study lies in …我们的研究重点是…12、The work presented in this paper focuses on …本文所述工作重点放在…13、Our goal has been to provide …我们的目标是提供…14、The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of …我们的研究目标是获取有关…的知识。

15、The object of this fundamental research will be to reveal …此项基础研究的目标是揭示…16、With his recent research, the author intends to outline the framework of …通过最近的研究，作者试图描绘…的构架。

17、 The author attempted the set of experiments with a view to demonstrating certain phenomena in …作者本着验证…中的一些现象的目的，进行了这些试验18、 The authors are now initiating experimental investigation to establish …作者正在着手试验性研究，以建立…19、 With his research, the author’s endeavor is to explain …作者开展此项研究的目的是要解释…20、In this paper we aim at …本文的目标是…二、描述研究理论基础、研究方案以及实验方法的句型和句式1、This is a working theory which is based on …这是一项基于…的实用理论。

2、The method used in our study is known as …我们在研究中采用的方法被称为…3、The technique we applied is referred to as …我们采用的技术被称为…4、The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of …我们所述问题很大程度上涉及对…的研究。

5、The experiment made by the research group is aimed at obtaining the results …研究小组所做实验旨在获取有关…的结果。

6、Included in the experiment were …实验包括…7、A number of experiments were performed to check …我们开展了大量实验以检查…8、Experiments on … were made to measure …我们进行了针对…的实验，以测量…9、We have carried out several sets of experiments to test the validity of …我们进行了一系列实验以测试…的有效性。

10、We undertook the experiment to support the hypothesis of …我们开展此项实验以支持…假设。

三、Abstract中用来描述研究结果的句型和句式1、Detailed information has been acquired by the author about …作者得到了有关…的详细信息。

2、The research has recorded valuable data about …本研究记录到了关于…的有价值数据。

3、The results of the experiment indicate that …实验结果表明…4、The studies we have performed showed that …我们所做研究表明…5、The research we have done suggests that …我们所做研究表明…6、We carried out several studies which have demonstrated that …我们开展了几项研究，验证了…7、The investigation carried out by us has revealed that …我们所做研究揭示了…8、From the experiment, the authors came to realize that …从此项实验中，作者终于认识到…四、Abstract中用来描述研究意义及研究价值的句型和句式1、All our preliminary results throw light on the nature of …我们的初步研究结果有助于揭示…的本质。

2、This fruitful work gives explanation of …我们富有成果的研究工作解释了…3、The author's pioneer work has contributed to our present understanding of …作者的开创性工作有助于理解…4、The research work has brought about a discovery of …研究工作带来一个发现5、The research has resulted in a solution of …研究工作带来一个…问题的解决方案6、Our work involving studies of … prove to be encouraging.我们涉及…研究的工作，事实证明是鼓舞人心的7、Laboratory studies of … did not furnish any information about …对…的实验室研究没有提供任何关于…的信息。

Abstract写作中常用高频词汇：背景介绍部分常用高频词汇（1）回顾研究背景，常用词汇有review, summarize, present, outline, describe等（2）说明写作目的，常用词汇有purpose, attempt, aim等，另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的壮语老表达（3）介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等方法介绍及描述部分（1）介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有test study, investigate,examine,experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等（2）说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等（3）介绍应用、用途，常用词汇有use, apply, application等实验结果描述部分常用高频词汇（1）展示研究结果，常用词汇有show, result, present等（2）介绍结论，常用词汇有summary, introduce,conclude等Abstract中总结部分常用高频词汇（1）陈述论文的论点和作者的观点，常用词汇有suggest, repot, present, expect, describe等（2）说明论证，常用词汇有support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等（3）推荐和建议，常用词汇有suggest,suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose,necessity,necessary,expect等。

1、A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2、This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3、This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4、The method involves the construction of xx from YY relations.5、The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6、The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithms.7、The usefulness of xx is also considered.8、A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9、The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10、A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11、Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12、The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13、Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14、This paper analyses problems in15、This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16、This paper includes an illustration of the ...17、This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18、Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achievinga hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19、The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20、Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21、The experimental results reveal interesting examples of XXX phases of : xx,xx22、The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23、A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedureDiscussion写作中常用句型和句式：用来描述总结的句型和句式：1、From the discussion, one may conclude that ...2、From the above discussion, the conclusion can be reached that3、The conclusions drawn are also valid4、In conclusion to this, it becomes obvious that the problem of XXX lies not only in...5、We have attempted to introduce some concepts associated with a theory of XXX based on fuzzy sets.6、Considerable more work, hopefully, will be done in this area7、A fuzzy set procedure is proposed to solve XXX selection problems interwoven with imprecise data8、Employing the compositional rule of inference, the assessment of the XXX compatibility in achieving prescribed xx projectiles in any level of the hierarchy is made possible.9、This paper has presented a theoretical and experimental study of the XXX process and YYY concept.10、The experimental research results will hopefully serve as useful feedback information for improvements for XXX work.11、The scope of this contribution was to introduce a XXX method.12、In general, YYY theory provides an alternative foundation for XXX analysis in a fuzzy environment.用来描述在本工作的基础上进一步的研究展望的句型和句式1、Thus, first extension of the approach could be,2、Present some cues for a further approach from XXX Theory application to3、Some improvements to the scheduling aspect of the model may be brought through additional levels in the hierarchy for more detailed representation of the scheduling activity.Introduction一、Introduction中用来引出自己研究重要性以及创新性以及前人研究的不足之处的句型和句式1、However, little information/attention/work/data/research … (or few studies/i nvestigations/ researchers/attempts …) (or no/none of these studies) has (hav e)been done on/focused on/attempted to/conducted/investigated/studied (with respect to) …2、Previous research/studies/records has/have failed to consider/ignored/misint erpreted/negle‐ ‐cted to/overestimated/underestimated/misleaded …. Thus, thes e previous results are inconcl‐isive/misleading/unsatisfactory/questionable/contro versial.3、Their studies may be more reasonable if they had … considered this situat ion.4、Their results could be better convinced if they…5、Their conclusion may remain some uncertainties。