❖ (Example: Superman《超人》)
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Candide 憨第德/天真汉
No ❖ The story of the innocent abroad, the
Image No naively optimistic hero who triumphs
contrary to all expectations.
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The Basic Stories
❖ Writers have argued that there are a limited number of stories that form the basis for ALL fictional narratives. These stories have been named Achilles (阿喀琉斯), Candide (憨第德), Cinderella (灰姑娘), Circe (喀尔刻), Faust (浮士德), Orpheus (俄尔普 斯), Romeo and Juliet (罗密欧与朱丽叶), Tristan (特里斯坦), and the Wandering Jew (流浪的犹太 人).
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Narrative
➢ Narrative, story, and plot are the basic terms used when analyzing the narrative structure of a film. Although they are sometimes used interchangeably, they also have more precise meanings that can help us to draw some useful distinctions. David Bordwell and Kristin Thomas in Film Art--An Introduction《电影艺术入门》define them as follows:
Linear Structure (经典三幕式直线结构). ➢ Describe the varieties of subplot.
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Narrative
❖Narrative refers to the way that a story is told.
❖It is principally concerned with the way that events are organized in time and space — the way in which the scriptwriter and director take the raw elements of a story and arrange them in the most attractive and interesting way.
Chapter 4 Narrative 叙述
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Narrative
❖ This chapter attempts to : ➢ Define the basic terms used to analyze narratives---
Narrative, Story, and Plot. ➢ Describe nine basic story types. ➢ Describe the commonly used the Classic Three-Act
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Narrative
➢ Narrative A chain of events in cause-effect relationships(因果
关系) occurring in time at we see and hear, plus all those that we infer or assume to have occurred, arranged in their presumed causal relations, chronological order, duration, frequency, and spatial locations.
The key distinction is that between story and plot: Story is the viewer’s imaginary construction of all the events in the narratives---whether presented to us or not---while plot is the film’s actual presentation of certain events in the narrative.
❖ They can occur alone or in combination.
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Achilles 阿喀琉斯
❖ The “Achilles” story is the story of the seemingly invulnerable (不会受伤的， 无 懈 可 击 的 ) hero with a fatal flaw. Classical tragedy is usually a variant of the Achilles story.
Image ❖ (Examples: Forrest Gump《阿甘正传》,
Mr. Bean《憨豆先生》)
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Cinderella 灰姑娘
❖ The story of the “dream comes true”: Goodness and virtue are despised at the beginning but recognized at last. The protagonist of the Cinderella story usually begins in a lowly position but, through his good nature, convinces all doubters (怀疑者) and is rewarded.
➢ Plot All the events that are directly presented to us, including their causal relations, chronological order, duration, frequency, and spatial locations.