当前位置:
文档之家› 超疏水表面仿生原型制备技术研究分析
超疏水表面仿生原型制备技术研究分析
Keywords:material surface and interface; wettability; bionic prototype; 3D printing technology; superhydrophobic surface
超疏水表面(superhydrophobic surface)是指在微納复合结构与特殊表面物质共同作用下呈现疏水功能的材料表面,其水滴静态接触角>150°且滚动角<10°[1-4]。自然界中,许多动植物表面具有优异漠甲虫表皮、蝴蝶翅膀等[5-6]。超疏水润湿现象受到普遍关注并逐步成为研究热点,由此研制的超疏水表面被广泛应用于防腐、自清洁、建筑防水、流体减阻、防污等诸多工程领域[7-8]。一方面,人们不断探究自然界中动植物表面的微形貌结构与超疏水表面润湿特性之间的关系,建立基本润湿模型和数学方程;另一方面,随着研究的不断深入,科研人员已不局限对于超疏水表面高疏水性能的追求,更希望通过构建特定润湿模型和获取新型制备方法,实现超疏水表面的低成本制备与功效持久性。基于对自然界中超疏水原型的探究和超疏水模型(Wenzel模型和Cassie-Baxter模型)的理论分析,可通过低表面能物体表面粗糙化处理或粗糙表面低表面能修饰实现超疏水表面制备,所对应的具体方法主要有刻蚀法、模板法、静电纺丝法、溶胶-凝胶法等[9]。但现阶段超疏水表面依旧存在制备工艺复杂度高、因微纳形貌结构易遭破坏而导致功效耐久性低等问题,如何解决这些问题已成为该领域未来长时间内所面临的主要难点。
超疏水表面仿生原型制备技术研究分析
作者:王立新张硕研纪运广张琳琳
来源:《河北科技大学学报》2020年第01期
摘要:超疏水表面(superhydrophobic surface)是指水滴静态接触角>150°且滚动角<10°的材料表面,广泛应用于自清洁、防腐蚀、疏水抑冰与船舰减阻等诸多工程领域。基于仿生工程学原理,人们对典型超疏水仿生原型进行广泛研究,以期获取超疏水表面研制的理论基础。从呈现超疏水润湿现象的典型动植物体表入手,综述其表面微形貌结构特征对超疏水润湿特性的影响机制,介绍材料表面超疏水润湿行为量化表征的数学模型;重点关注仿生超疏水表面制备技术的最新研究进展,包括传统制备方法与3D打印制备技术,以及超疏水表面制备样件的功效表征;分析指出仿生超疏水表面的低成本、大面积、功效持久性是该领域未来发展的重要方向。研究成果可加深学者对超疏水润湿特性的认知,推动超疏水表面仿生研制新思路、新方法、新技术的发展。
关键词:材料表面与界面;润湿特性;仿生原型;3D打印技术;超疏水表面
中图分类号:TB17;Q811.1;TB39 ;文献标识码:A ; doi:10.7535/hbkd.2020yx01001
Abstract:Superhydrophobic surface can cause a water droplet to show a static contact angle >150° and a sliding angle <10°,which is widely used in many engineering fields,such as self-cleaning,anti-corrosion,hydrophobic ice suppression and ship drag reduction. Based on bionic engineering principle,scholars have comprehensively researched many typical superhydrophobic bionic prototypes,with the purpose of obtaining the theoretical basis for the superhydrophobic surface development. In this review,based on the typical prototypes(animals and plants)of showing the phenomena of superhydrophobic wettability,the effect of morphology/structure characteristics on the superhydrophobic wettability properties is reviewed,and mathematical models used to quantify superhydrophobic wettability of material surface are introduced. We especially focus on the recent progress in bionic preparation technology of superhydrophobic surface,mainly including traditional preparation methods and 3D printing technology,and wettability quantification of fabricated superhydrophobic surface. Meanwhile,we point that low cost,large area and durable effect of bionic superhydrophobic surface are the important development direction in near future. This review enriches the further understanding of superhydrophobic wettability,and promotes the development of new ideas,new methods and new technologies in superhydrophobic surface preparation.