（完整版）介词加关系代词定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点,近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。
如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。
如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.This is the student for whom I bought the book.考点1简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的不变搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。
（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。
例如：Is this the carfor whichyou paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasn’t a single personto whomshe could turn for help. (turn to sb forhelp)The manwith whomyou shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
例如：The two thingsabout whichKarl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.(be sure about)The teacherof whomthe students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fondof)（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充任时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why替换。
例如：I”ll never forget the dayon which(=when) I joined the army.The factoryin which(=where) his father works is far away from my hometown.I don”t know the reason f or which (=why) he was late.（4）根据句子的意思确定介词。
有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由不变的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用例外的介词。
例如：This is the pilotfor whomI bought a camera.This is the pilotwith whommy brother has worked for ten years.This is the pilotby whommy son was saved.1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_ ______thesailing time was 226 days.A. of whichB. during whichC. from whichD. for which解析：关系代词which指代the journey,定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time of thejourney was 226 days.故答案选A。
2. (2004全国卷) T he English play _______ my students acted at the New Year“s party was a greatsuccess.A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which解析：本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Year“s party was a great success.从句补全为独立的句子是:My studentsacted in the play.故答案选C。
3. (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they cantalk frequently.A. whoB. asC. about whichD. with whom解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。
考点2繁复介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose。
常用于该结构的繁复介词有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infro ntof,incaseof,onaccou nt of等。
例如：We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided?考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose。
介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。
高考考例：(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.______ _timemanypeople have gone home.A. whoseB. thatC. on whichD. by which解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。
这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。
故答案选D。
考点4the+名词+of+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。
该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose +名词”代替。
非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。
高考考例：(2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose解析：答案选B。
本题就是一个考查the+名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。
这里theprice of which指代the price of the vase,答案也可以是whose price。
考点5表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which。
表示部分的词语多见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any,数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few,several, enough, half a, a quarter。
高考考例：1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the largerB. the larger of themC. the larger one thatD. the larger of which 解析：答案为D。
the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。
2. (2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ aresold abroad.A. of whichB. which ofC. of themD. of that解析：答案为A。
80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。
本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。
“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句多见错误我们在学习定语从句时,常常会看到“介词+关系代词“引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,常常会出现五类错误.现在归纳如下：一、关系词的误用1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom)2. I lost the book in that there are five color pictures. (which)3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (which)4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years ago. (which)简析:当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后大凡用关系代词whom(指人,如1不可为who所代替)或which(指物,如2.先行词即使为表示时间或地点的名词,介词后也不能用when或where,如3和4).不过,注意介词from有时根据句意的需要,也可以接where.如:He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on thedesk.他躲在门后面,从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指frombehindthedoor“从门后面“,并非指from the door“从门“)二、拆开从句中极不变的动词搭配5. He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. (whom the woman hadlooked after for many years) 简析:若将定语从句中搭配极为不变的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如look after, look for, depend on, go in for (迷恋)等短语.三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当6. The farm in which we worked ten ye ars ago isn“t what it used to be. (on)7. She wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily. (in)简析:6. on the farm为习惯搭配,表示“在农场“;7. in与way搭配,表示“用……办法,以……方式“.四、介词与定语从句中的谓语部分搭配不当8. In the dark street, there wasn“t a single pers on from whom she could turn for help. (to)9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to)10. Can you find an object with which your toy is similar? (to)简析:8.turntosb.forhelp表示“向某人求助“;9.tie与to连用,表示“拴/系到……上“;10.similar与to搭配,表示“与……相似“.五、介词与句子的详尽含义搭配不当11. I can“t remember the age in which I won that prize. (at)12. That is the age at which people live in peace and happy. (in)简析:根据全句意义,11中的age作“年岁“解,应与at搭配;12中的age表示“时期,时代“,应与in搭配.练习：用合适的“介词+关系代词”填空。