句子成分及其基本句型一、句子成分1.主语——“是什么”或“是谁”一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)2.谓语——“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致:(1)His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)(2)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)(3)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(4)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)3.宾语——动作、行为的对象。
一般在谓语(及物动词)之后。
由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任:(1)She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)(2)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)(3)We often help him.(代词作宾语)(4)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)(5)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
(动名词短语作宾语)★宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。
(双宾)(1)通常:“前间后直”可跟双宾的动词(2)“前直后间”练一练(1)I give him a book. 改成:(2)He passes me the book.(他将书递给我。
)改成:(3)He writes me a letter. 改成:(4)He will buy me some books. 改成:(5)She is making me a cake. 改成:4. 表语——“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。
(1)I am a teacher.(名词)(2)He is always happy.(形容词)(3)They are on the playground now.(介词短语)(4)It gets cold.(形容词)Be动词(am,is,are, was, were)系动词表保持(keep, stay, remain)表改变(get,become,turn)感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell)Eg:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)We should all remain careful.(remain为系动词,careful为表语)5.定语——修饰名词或代词的。
形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等作定语:Eg: The black bike is mine.(形容词)What’s your name?(代词)They make paper flowers.(名词)Eg: I tell him something interesting.He has something to do.Eg: The boys in the room are in Class Four.6.状语——修饰动词、形容词、副词。
(时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等),一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。
Eg: He did it carefully.(副词)We often help him.(副词)Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语)When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)He sits there.(副词地点状语)7.宾语补足语——补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分。
名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。
宾语+语补足语=复合宾语。
Eg: They make her happy.(形容词)I see her dance.(不定式)We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词)Please let him in.(副词)二、五种简单句课后练习:一、找出下面要求的句子成分。
1. 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother doesn't do his homework.A B C D② People all over the world speak English.A B C D2. 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man is feeling very tired.A B C D② Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D3. 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D② What is your given name?A B C D4. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D② He asks her to take the boy out of school.A B C D5. 挑出下列句中的状语① There is a big smile on her face.A B C D② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D6. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.感叹句一、知识点梳理1. 感叹句的定义感叹句是一种表示强烈感情的句式,能表达喜悦、愤怒、悲哀、惊奇、厌恶和赞赏的思想感情。
What a beautiful flower it is! (表示赞赏)多漂亮的花啊!What nonsense! (表示愤怒)胡说!How strange they are! (表示惊奇)多奇妙呀!2. 感叹句:What引导以what开头的感叹句的结构模式:What + (a/an) + 形容词+ 名词+ (主语+ 谓语)+ !What beautiful roses (they are)! 多么美丽的玫瑰花呀!What a lovely day (it is)! 多好的天气呀!What a clever boy (he is)! 多么聪明的孩子!3. 感叹句:How引导以how开头的感叹句的结构模式:How + 形容词/副词+(主语+ 谓语)+ !How + 形容词+(a/an)+ 名词+(主语+ 谓语)+ !How blue the sky is! 天空多么蓝啊!How clever he is! 他多么聪明呀!How quickly you walk! 你走得多快呀!How smart a boy he is! 他是多么聪明的一个男孩啊!4. 感叹句:疑问句形式有些感叹句采用一般疑问句的形式表示,以否定词开头,标点符号用感叹号,在口语中用降调。
Aren't you working hard! 你干得多么起劲哪!Didn't she sing well! 她唱得真好!5. 感叹句:陈述句形式陈述句只要改变原来的语调,即可构成感叹句。
It was such a nice party! 那是多么好的聚会呀!The garden looks so lovely today! 今天花园显得多么可爱呀!The house is on fire! 房子着火啦!6. 感叹句:单词,短语感叹句有时可以用单词或短语表达。
Fire! 着火啦!Good heavens! 天哪!Listen! 听!Look! 看!感叹句巧解:感叹句要看后面,即看形容词后的东东,1) 若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数,就用what a/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用what。
2)若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西,想都不用想,直接用how就OK了。
如:例句1:What a good boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊!/ \形容词单数名词例句2:What good boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊!/ \形容词复数名词例句3:What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊!/ \形容词不可数名词例句4:How good the boy is! 这男孩多好啊!/ \形容词乱糟糟★★★若没有形容词,而出现副词或是句子,直接用how.例:How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊!/副词(what不可以修饰副词,看到副词直接用how)1)How time flies! 2)How fast Liu Xiang runs打油诗一首: 感叹句往后看形容词后是名单就用what a或what an形后若是不可数或名复数只用what就可以形容词后乱糟糟只写how就OK了祈使句一、知识点梳理(一)祈使句的句式特征1.对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。
2.句中一般没有主语。
3.在前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
4.一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。
如:Keep off the grass!勿踩草地!Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
(二)祈使句的肯定句式1.肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:①行为动词原形+其它成分。
例如:Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。
②Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。
例如:Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。