the west into the Pyrenees in the east. This
area is called Euskal Herria (comprising
seven provinces, historically: Araba, Bizkaia,
Gipuzkoa, and Navarra on the Spanish side;
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Questions for thought and discussion
Listen to a short passage carefully and then answer the following questions .
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Background information
• Luca Cavalli-Sforza: Cavalli-Sforza, born
Laburdi, Zuberoa, and Behe-Nafarroa on the
French side). There are about 660,000,
according to the 1991 census. Fewer than
80,000 of these are on the French side of the
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The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to Protein. Each protein is a linear polymer of a specific sequence of 20 different amino acids. DNA is also a linear polymer comprised of 4 types of nucleotides. The sequence of amino acids in each protein is encoded by a segment of DNA called a gene. Three consecutive nucleotides in a gene encode a single amino acid in the corresponding protein. The genetic code is universal among all living things.
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• Basques: The Basques are a people who live
in a small region (about the size of Rhode
Island in the United States) that straddles the
border of Spain and France from the sea in
professor of genetics at the University of
Stanford, California, a position he held
until his retirement in 1992.
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Cavalli-Sforza has specialized mainly in the genetics of human populations, producing with Walter Bodmer a comprehensive survey of the subject in their Genetics, Evolution and Man (1976). He has also done much to show how genetic data from present human racial groups could be used to reconstruct their past separations. This reconstruction, based on the analysis of 58 genes, yields a bifurcated evolutionary tree with Caucasian and African races in one branch and Orientals, Oceanians, and Amerinds in the other.
Enriching yoences carefully and guess the meaning of the italicized term in each sentence according to the context and your own experiences.
Columbus's “discovery” that the
New World became part of the
European world.
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• human genetic map: Our bodies are comprised of trillions of microscopic units called cells. Cells in turn are built up from many specific types of molecules, both large and small. The large molecules or macromolecules include polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. Proteins are the workhorses of our cells. There are about 40,000 different types of proteins in our bodies. Each protein is present in many, many copies. An adult, for example, carries about 1021 (a billion trillion) hemoglobin molecules.
in Genoa, Italy, was educated at the
University of Pavia where he gained his
MD in 1944. After working on bacterial genetics at Cambridge (1948－1950) and Milan (1950－1957) he has held chairs in genetics at Parma (1958－1962) and Pavia (1962－1970). In 1970 he was appointed
frontier which runs through the Basque
Country, the rest on the Spanish side. Basques
speak a language caalled euskara,
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but today only about 25% of the population is fluent in that tongue. Even so, the word for a Basque person, euskaldun, means “possessor of the Basque language”. The Basque population is distinguished physically by a high incidence of Rh Negative factor in the blood. No one knows exactly where the Basques came from. Some say they have lived in that area since Cro-Magnon man first roamed Europe. Estimates of how long they have lived there vary from 10,000 to 75,000 years. Some say they are descended from the original Iberians. More fanciful theories exist, as well. One is that the Basques are the descendents of the asurvivors of Atlantis. 14
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Warming-up Activities
Group work
Questions for thought and discussion
Background information
Enriching your vocabulary
Comparing the following words
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Group work
errors in his navigational
computations and location in
doing so — he was able to find his
way back to Europe and return to
the Indies. It is as the result of
Unit 7
Research into Population Genetics
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Stage 1: Warming-up Activities
Stage 2: Reading-Centred Activities
Stage 3: After-Reading Activities
Stage 4: Listening-and-Speaking Practice
exploration, exploitation, and
colonization of the Americas.