名词一、名词分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，女口air, snow, bread, rice 等；扌由象名词，女口glory, hon esty, failure, education 等。
专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Che ng Du, Chi na, Obama,Chi na Cen tral Televisi on 等。
名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1. 普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词（1）可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词△个体名词：表示个体的人或事物名称的词。
如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
A. 单数表示“一个”的概念。
用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。
女口 a book （一本书）、an apple （一个苹果）、an orange （—个橘子）等。
B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。
如two pencils （两枝铅笔）、three weeks （三周）等。
△ 集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。
女口：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。
规则名词复数形式的构成注意事项：只能用于复数形式的名词有：clothes, trousers, pan ts, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义：people, public, police特殊名词的讲解：⑴people作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。
作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。
There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
There are fifty-six peoples in our coun try.我们国家有56个民族。
⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。
例: My favorite clothes are pants.⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts ，scissors 等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。
要表示单数常用 a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。
例: Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. _____⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数；指成员时，谓语用复数。
His family is a large family. 指整体His family like an imals. 指成员⑸有的名词单复数意思不同：例：hair和fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。
My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。
I like fruit .It ' s good for you. 我喜欢水果，水果对你的身体有好处。
但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式Homer Simps on has three hairs. 辛普森有三根头发。
She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。
(2) 不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词△物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。
如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice△抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。
如：health, happi ness, help普通名词专有名词注意事项：1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。
这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little 等词。
女口; some water/ apple juice/ milk2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词来表述。
用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数; 然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如:one bag of rice. one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples.★对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many;对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。
如：I would like two apples. T How many apples would you like?I want some bread. 》How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water. T How many glasses of water do you want ?询问价格用How much，女口： How much is the coat? How much are the coats?名词的所有格所有格的构成：1.有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词★有生命的名词（1）一般单数名词后加's.女口：my brother's book ，Jack's cat ，the girl's pen（2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加‘。
女口：the girls ' dormitory ，a teachers' college注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加’s.女口：women's clothes.（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's，女口：Tom and Peter's room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（4）如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.女口：Tom's and Peter's rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）★无生命名词：无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“ of+名词”的结构来表示。
如：the win dows of the room （房间的窗户） a picture of the horse（张马的照片）名词习题二．选择填空：1. I want to buy _____ .A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. two bottles of inks2. They don ' t have to do ______ today.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksC. manyhomeworkD. much homeworks3. There are three ___ and seven _____ in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepD. cow, sheeps4. June 1 is _____ .A. children ' s dayB. children ' s DayC. Children ' s DayD. Children ' s day5. ____ room is next to their parents ' .A. Kate 's and Joan 'sB. KateD. Kate and Joan6. Miss Green is a friend of ______ .A. Mary 's mother 'sB. MaryD. mother 's of Mary7. Sheep ______ white and milk ____s and Joan C. Kate and Joan 'ss mother C. Mary mother 's also white.A. is, areB. are, isD. are, are8. I 'd like to have a glass of milk and ________ .C. is, isA. two breadsC. two pieces of bread9. Many _____A. womanB.child10. He bought ______ .A. two pairs of shoesC. two pairs of shoe11. Mr. White has three ______A. childB. two pieces of breadsD. two piece of breadare singing over there.women C. girlB. two pair of shoesD. two pair of shoeB. children D.C. childsD. childrens12. ---Are these ____ ? --- , cows B. sheep, cow No, they aren 't. TheyC. sheeps, cowD.'resheeps, cows13. There are many _____ in the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsD. bread14. --- Whose room is this? --A. Li MingD. Li Mings 'It 's _______B. Li Ming'sC. Li Mings15. Here are _____ for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD. some tomatoA. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD.16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ____ for her. A. wish B. hope C. wishesD. hopes17. I always go to that ____ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden18. ____ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily ' s C. Lucy ' s and Lily D.Lucy ' s and Lily ' s19. Mum, I ' m quite thirsty. Please gi ve me _______ . A. two orange B. two bottle oforangesC. two bottles of orangeD. two bottles of oranges20. 10. The cat caught two ________ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices21. I met some ____ in the park and talked with them the other day.D. writer25. --- Excuse me, are you _____ ? ---A. Janpaneses B. American D. English22. There are two _____ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs D. shelves23. There are seven _____ in a week. A. years B. months D. minutes24. My father is a _____. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctorC. ChinesesC. shelfesC. daysC. farmerYes, I ' m from ________American, AmericaA. Lucy ' sB. Lucy '26. They are _ ____jackets.27. What color is ____ coat. A. Peter 's B. Peter '28. These are___ ___ books. A. teachers 's B. teachers29. They are_____________ __ ice creams A. children B. children 's30. This is_____________ b ag. A. Tom and Peter 's and Peter 's31. Where are __ ___ . A. the school 's students B. students ofthe school32. Those are___ ___ bags. A. drivers 's B. drivers 'bag is _____ . A. Mary 's and Tom's B. M ary and Tom 's34. ______ fathers are coming. A. Mary's and Kate's B. Mary's and KateC. Mary and Kate 's__ are these books? A. many B. much36. This pair of pants _____ blue. I like ____ very much. A. is, it B. are,them C. is, them D. are, it_____ glasses of water do you want? A. many B. much38. This is ______ .A. Mike and Jim's bikeB. Mike's and Jim bikeC. Mike's and Jim's bikeD. Mike and Jim bike39. These are ______ .A. Amy and Lingling 's roomB. Amy 's and Lingling 's roomC. Amy's and Lingling 's roomsD. Amy and Lingling 's room40. My ___ ___ big and my ____ ____ happy. A. family is family are B.family is families are三．根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of _____ to do. (homework)2. There are seven ____ in a week. (day)3. How many ____ can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _____ . (glass)5. There are five ________ in the picture. (child )6. There are two_______ over there ．( bench )7. I like taking ______ ．( photo )8. l can see two _______ standing there ．( woman)9. There are two baskets of ________ on the floor ．( apple ) are three _________ ．( knife )11. How many ______ (sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some _____ (food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two _______ (tooth) now.14. There is a lot of ______ (water) in the bottle.15. There are five ______ (people ) in his family.16. Let's take _______ (photo), OK?17. The ______ (leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The ______ (child) are playing games on the playground now.19. Their _____ (dictionary) are very new.20. I see you have a few white _____ (hair).21. They are _____ (woman) doctors.22. Can you give me some bottles of __ (orange), please?23. There are many ______ (fox) in the picture.24. I would like some apple ______ (juice). I am very thirsty.四．将下列句子变成复数形式1．This is a knife. ___________________________2．That is a tomato. __________________________3．She has a wish. __________________________4．That child is very lovely. __________________________5. He is looking after the6. It ' s a big heavy box. _________________________________7. This picture is8. She is a beautiful9. I ' m a good child. __________ _____________________________10. That ' s a delicious五．将下列句子改为单数句子1. These are red coats. _______________________________________2. Who' re the boys? They ' re my3. They ' re women workers here. ____________________________________4. Are they playing basketball now? Yes, they5. What are they? They are buses. ______________________________6. Those are beautiful7. We have many old六．翻译下列词组一瓶牛奶一杯茶一双鞋子两条裤子三杯桔子汁六包盐五千克鸡蛋一些面包一点水。