Fill in each blank with the proper word from the brackets: 1. Li Ming helped me learn how ___________(use) it. to use 2. This is only my _________(two) e-mail. second 3. I failed _________(reach) him by phone. to reach
用适当的介词填空
1. _____ At first, he was afraid.
2. I heard _______ from Tom. His father made me very happy.
by 3. Lucy told us the news _______ phone.
4. Let’s find a restaurant. I feel _______ like eating something.
III.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去, 但侧重对现在产生 的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关. 其结构为”助动词 have/has+过去分词”; 过去完成时则是一个相对的时 态, 它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调”过去的 过去”.
如：到目前为止我已经学会了3000个单词.
I haven’t had my lunch.
Have you had your lunch? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
注意：现在完成时态的标志： 1. 与表示不定的过去时间状语连用,如：already，yet， just, before … 2. 与表示频度时间状语连用,如：never, ever, once, twice … 3. 与表示包括现在时刻在内的时间状语连用,如：up to/till now, up to the present, so far, until now, today, all day, all this year, all one's life, this morning/month/year…, 4. 与表示一段时间的状语连用,如：since…, for … 5. 与表示最近的过去的时间状语连用,如：in/for the last/past few years/weeks/days…, recently (最近), lately(最近), these days
3. 过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完 成的动作. 过去的时间由before, after, when引导的时间从句表示出来.
1. 我在你回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了.
I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.
2. 当我赶到学校时, 已经开始上课了.
学习现在完成时需注意的一些问题： 1. 现在完成时态的肯定式，否定式，疑问式和简短回答： She has taught us a lot.
She hasn’t taught us a lot.
Has she taught us a lot? I have had my lunch. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
I have learned 3000 English words so far.
到那时我已经学会了3000个英语单词.
I had learned 3000 English words till then.
More practice had left •When I arrived there, they___________(leave) already. had started •The film______________(start),when we got to the cinema. had read •I ___________(read) the book before I started school.
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
2. 我觉得我以前见过他。
I thought that I had seen him before.
3. Tom说他借了这本书两周了。
Tom said he had kept the book for 2 weeks.
2. 当Millie到达电影院的时候, 电影已经开始了半个小时了.
The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.
3. 自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.
We hadn’t seen each other since he left Nanjing.
died = He ________ two years ago.
= It is two years since he died _______. =Two years ______ _______ since he died. has passed
II.过去完成时态past perfect tense
4. He said that you __________(be) happy if you heard would be from me.
5. I would love ___________(send) the message to him. to send 6. I don’t feel like _______(go) to anywhere at the moment. going 7. Can you tell me if he _________(come) tomorrow? will come 9. _______ an e-mail to him yet? Have you _______(send) sent 10. When _____ it? did you ________(send) send
6. 用于下列句型中 It/This/That）is the first time (that) …
注意：非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换 延续性动词和非延续性动词均可用于现在完成时 态，但由于非延续性动词的动作是瞬时间完成的 所以不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 英语中常见的非延 续性动词在完成时态中可改 为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语，这时可与表 示一段时间的的状语连用。
过去完成时由had +过去分词构成 ，表示过去的过去 发生的动作
构成方式: 肯定句: had+动词的过去分词 否定句: had not+ 过去分词 一般疑问句:had+ 主语+ 过去分词 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ had.
否定回答: No, 主语+ hadn’t.
基本用法:
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之
•I _______________ hadn’t realized (not realize) she wasn’t Chinese until she spoke.
选择填空 ( c )1.--- “Did you see Tom at the party?” ---“No, Mary told me that he ___ by the time I got there.” A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left ( A)2. He said that he ____ his lunch yet. A. hadn’t had B. hasn’t had C. wouldn’t have D. was having ( D)3. By the end of last year we ____ each other for ten years. A. have known B. knew C. were knowing D. had known ( c)4. I saw Li Lei yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other ______ I left Beijing. A. after B. before C. since D. until
The class had begun when I got to school.
3. 在我到家之前他已经走了.
He had left before I got home.
4.在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等 动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成 时。
1. 她说她从来没有去过巴黎。
buy
have keep
borrow
become
be
be away(from) be dead be closed be open be on
leave
die close open begin
同义句转换，每空一词
He has been dead for two years.
= He has been dead since _______two _______ years _______ _______. ago
(同义句)
He told us _______ _______. what _______ to do
2. I know how I can use a computer. (同义句)
I know _______ _______ a computer. (同义句) how _______ to use 3. At first, I didn’t know which button I should press. At first, I didn’t know ________ which ________ button _____ to _______. press