中英文对照α1 antichymotrypsin α1抗糜蛋白α1 antitrypsinα1抗胰蛋白α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxa-zolep-propionate, AMPAα-ketoglutarateα 酮戊二酸盐β2-microglobulinβ2－微球蛋白γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA γ-氨基丁酸1α-hydroxylase1α-羟化酶1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ，1,25-[OH]2D31α,25-二羟基维生素D31,2-diacylglycerol , DAG甘油二酯1,4,5-inositol triphosphate, IP3三磷酸肌醇acetylcholine, Ach乙酰胆碱acidosis酸中毒acromegaly肢端肥大症action potential duration, APD动作电位时程Activated protein C resistance, APCR APC抵抗Acute phase proteins急性期蛋白acute renal failure，ARF 急性肾功能衰竭acute respiratory distress syndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute tubular necrosis，ATN 急性肾小管坏死adalylate cyclase, AC腺苷酸环化酶adenine nucleotide腺瞟呤核苷adhesion molecule粘附分子adrenocortical insufficiency肾上腺皮质功能不全advanced glycosylation end product, AGE 晚期糖基化终末产物agonosia失认airway closure气道闭合albuminuria 蛋白尿aldosterone 醛固酮aliphatic amines脂肪胺alkalosis碱中毒allergical purpura过敏性紫癜Alzheimer’s disease, AD阿尔茨海默病α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, α-MSH α-黑素细胞刺激素ammonia氨Ammonia intoxication氨中毒ammonium，NH4+铵amyloid precursor protein, APP淀粉样前体蛋白amyloidosis淀粉性变性病anaphylactic shock过敏性休克anasarca全身性水肿anatomic shunt解剖分流anemia贫血angiotensin血管紧张素angiotensin II receptor antagonists，Ang II RA 血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂angiotensin II，Ang II 血管紧张素II angiotensinase血管紧张肽酶angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE 血管紧张素转换酶anion gap (AG)阴离子间隙ankyrin锚蛋白anorexia食欲减退antidiuretic hormone，ADH抗利尿激素anti-inflammatory mediator抗炎介质AntithrombinIII(ATIII)抗凝血酶IIIanuria无尿aphasia失语apolipoprotein E, apoE载脂蛋白Eapoptosis凋亡apoptosis activating factor(apaf-1)凋亡激活因子apoptosis-inducing factor(AIF)凋亡诱导因子apraxia失用aquaporins (AQPs)水通道蛋白arachidonic acid，AA花生四烯酸arginine vasopressin (A VP)精氨酸加压素aromatic amino acids芳香族氨基酸arrhythmmias心律失常arteriosclerosis动脉硬化ascending reticular activating system, ARAS上行激动系统ascending reticular inhibiting system, ARIS上行抑制系统ascites腹水ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)共济失调性毛细血管扩张突变ATP-sensitive K+ channels, K ATP ATP敏感的钾通道atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)心房利钠多肽autocrine自分泌autoimmune disease自身免疫性疾病auto-transfusion自我输血(液)azotemia 氮质血症basement membrane基底膜BaxBcl-2 family Bcl-2 家族behavioral temperature regulations行为性体温调节bicarbonate buffer system碳酸氢盐缓冲系bicarbonate reclamation碳酸氢盐回收bicarbonate regeneration碳酸氢盐再生成bioactive substances生物活性物质blood brain barrier (BBB)血脑屏障blood urea nitrogen ，BUN血液尿素氮body fluids体液bradykinin缓激肽brain stem reticular formation脑干网状结构brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF脑源性神经营养因子branch chain amino acids支链氨基酸buffer system缓冲系统burn shock烧伤性休克butylene glycol,丁二醇cachexia恶病质calcitonin (CT)降钙素calcium overload钙超载calcium paradox钙反常carbamidine胍carbon dioxide anaesthenia 二氧化碳麻醉carbon monoxide ，CO一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase，CA碳酸酐酶carboxyhemoglobulinemia碳氧血红蛋白血症cardiac dilatation心室扩张cardiac hypertrophy心肌肥大cardiac output心排出量cardiogenic shock心源性休克caspase半胱氨酸天冬酶cast管型，脱落物catalase过氧化氢酶catecholamines, Cas儿茶酚胺CDK inhibitors (CKIs)细胞周期素依赖性激酶抑制因子cell apoptosis细胞凋亡cell cycle细胞周期cell differentiation细胞分化cell proliferation细胞增殖central venous pressure, CVP中心静脉压cerebral cortex大脑皮层Ceruloplasmin铜蓝蛋白checkpoint细胞周期检查点cholecystokinin, CCK胆囊收缩素cholera霍乱choline acetyltransferase胆碱乙酰转移酶chronic alcoholism慢性酒精中毒chronic renal failure，CRF 慢性肾功能衰竭ciliary neurotrophic factor, CNTF睫状神经营养因子circulatory hypoxia循环性缺氧clearance rate of endogenous creatinine内生肌酐清除率cognitive disorder认知障碍collecting ducts集合管colloid osmotic pressure胶体渗透压coma昏迷Compensatory anti-inflammatory response代偿性抗炎反应综合征syndrome, CARSconcentric hypertrophy向心性肥大confusion精神错乱confusion意识混浊conscious disorder意识障碍consciousness意识corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素C-reactive protein C-反应蛋白creatinine肌氨酸酐Creutzfeldt Jokob disease, CJD海绵状脑病crosstalk交叉对话crush syndrom挤压综合症cyanate氰酸盐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)环磷酸腺苷cyclin细胞周期素cyclin-dependent kinases(CDK)细胞周期素依赖性激酶cyclooxygenases环加氧酶cylindruria管型尿cysteine-aspartic acid- proteases，caspase半胱氨酸-天冬氨酸-蛋白酶cytochrome C细胞色素ccytoplasmic apoptosome胞浆凋亡体dead space like ventilation死腔样通气death receptor死亡受体death signal死亡信号delayed afterdepolarization延迟后除极delirium谵妄dementia痴呆desensitization减敏diabetes mellitus 糖尿病diabetic ketoacidosis糖尿病酮症酸中毒diabetic nephropathy糖尿病肾病diamine oxidase二胺氧化酶diarrhea腹泻，痢疾diastolic failure舒张性心衰differentiation-inducing drugs分化诱导药物diffusion disorder弥散障碍disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC弥散性血管内凝血distal convoluted tubules 远曲小管distress劣性应激Distributive shock分布性休克disturbance in executive functioning失行disulfide (disulphide)，-SS-二硫化合物，二硫键DNA methylation DNA甲基化Dopamine多巴胺dopamine decarboxylase多巴胺脱羧酶dopaminergic neurons多巴胺能神经元dopamine-β-hydroxylase多巴胺β羟化酶down-regulate下调dyspnea呼吸困难eccentric hypertrophy离心性肥大ecchymosis瘀斑edema水肿electrolyte电解质emaciate消瘦，憔悴end-diastolic pressure舒张末期压力endocrine内分泌endogenous pyrogens内生致热原endonuclease核酸内切酶endothelial cell内皮细胞endothelin，ET 内皮素Endothelium derived vasoactive mediators内皮源性血管活性介质endotoxemia内毒素血症endotoxic shock内毒素休克endotoxin内毒素end-stage renal failure 肾衰末期epidermal growth factor , EGF表皮生长因子,上皮生长因子equal pressure point等压点erythropoietin ，EPO 促红细胞生成素essential hypertension 原发性高血压eustress良性应激excitatory neurotransmitter兴奋性神经递质excitatory toxicity 兴奋性毒性excoriation表皮脱落exogenous pyrogens外致热原expiratory dyspnea呼气性呼吸困难extracellular fluid细胞外液extracellular matrix，ECM 细胞外基貭extracellular signal regulated kinase, ERK细胞外信号调节激酶false neurotransmitters假性神经递质familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis家族性低钾性周期性麻痹fever发热fibroblast growth factor; FGF 纤维母细胞生长因子fibroblasts纤维原细胞，纤维母细胞fixed acid固定酸forward mode正向转运Frank-Starling mechanism弗-斯机制free radical自由基fulminant hepatic failure爆发性肝功能衰竭functional shunt功能性分流gamma-aminobutyric acidγ-氨基丁酸General adaptation syndrome (GAS)全身适应综合征gigantism巨人症glia-derived neurotrophic factor, GDNF胶质源性神经营养因子glomerular filtration rate ,GRF 肾小球滤过率glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis肾小球过渡滤过假说glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient肾小球超滤系数glomerular-tubular imbalance球管失平衡glomerulonephritis肾小球肾炎glomerulosclerosis 肾小球硬化glucagon胰高血糖素glucose autooxidation 葡萄糖自氧化glucuronic acid葡萄糖醛酸Glutamate谷氨酸glutaminase谷氨酰胺酶glutathione peroxidase谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glycation糖化glycosylation糖基化gout痛风growth hormone, GH生长激素guanidine compound 胍类化合物guanidinesuccinic acid胍基琥珀酸guanylin鸟苷素guanylyl cyclase, GC鸟苷酸环化酶[HCO3-]碳酸氢盐浓度heart failure心衰Heat shock proteins (HSP)热休克蛋白heat-shock factor ( HSF.)热休克因子heavy metals重金属hematomas血肿hematuria 血尿heme oxygenase，HO 血红素加氧酶hemic hypoxia血液性缺氧hemochromatosis血色素沉着病hemorrhagic shock失血性休克Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Henderson-Hasselbalch公式Henle's loop亨利氏襻hepatic encephalopathy(HE)肝性脑病Hepatic failure肝功能衰竭Hepatic insufficiency肝功能不全hepatorenal syndrome（HRS）肝肾综合征high altitude pulmonary edema高原肺水肿high output heart failure高输出量性心衰Histamine组胺histogenous hypoxia组织性缺氧homeostasis稳态Huntington disease神经性舞蹈病hydrogen peroxide过氧化氢hydrophobicity疏水性hydrops积水hydrostatic pressure流体静压hydroxyl radicals, OH·羟自由基hydroxylations羟基化作用hyperaldosteronism醛固酮过多症Hyperarousal唤起、警觉过度hypercalcemia高钙血症hypercapnia高碳酸血症hypercapnic respiratory failure高碳酸血症性呼吸衰竭hypercontracture过度挛缩hyperglycemia 高糖血症hyperkalemia高钾血症hyperkalemic periodic paralysis高钾性周期性麻痹hyperlipidemia高脂血症hypermagnesemia高镁血症hypernatremia高钠血症hyperphosphatemia高磷血症hyperpolarization blocking超级化阻滞hypersensitivity增敏hypertensive nephrosclerosis高血压性肾硬化hyperthermia过热hypertonic dehydration高渗性脱水hypertrophy肥大hyperventilation过度通气hypocalcemia低钙血症Hypoglycemia低血糖症Hypokalemia低钾血症hypomagnesemia低镁血症hyponatremia低钠血症hypoperfusion低灌注hypophosphatemia低磷血症hyposthenuria 低渗尿Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴hypotonic dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic hypoxemia低张性低氧血症hypotonic hypoxia低张性缺氧hypovolumic shock低血容量性休克hypoxemic respiratory failure低氧血症性呼吸衰竭hypoxia缺氧hypoxic cell damage缺氧性细胞损伤hypoxic encephalopathy缺氧性脑病hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPV)缺氧性肺血管收缩Hysteria癔症IL-1 receptor antagonist,,IL-1ra IL-1受体拮抗剂inappetence食欲不振independent risk factors 独立风险因子indoles吲哚infectious shock感染性休克inhibitor of apoptosis(IAP)凋亡抑制蛋白inosine次黄嘌呤核苷，肌苷inspiratory dyspnea吸气性呼吸困难insulin growth factor; IGF 胰岛素生长因子insulin like growth factor-1，IGF-1胰岛素样生长因子-1 insulin receptor substrate 1/2, IRS-1/2胰岛素受体底物1/2 insulin-dependent diabetes胰岛素依赖性糖尿病intact nephron hypothesis 健存肾单位假说intercellular adhesion molecucle-1, ICAM-1细胞间粘附分子-1interferons (IFNs)干扰素interleukin白细胞介素interleukin-1, IL-1白介素-1internal environment内环境interstitial fibrosis 间貭纤维化interstitial fluid组织间液intracellular fluid细胞内液intracrine内在分泌intraglomerular capillary pressure 肾小球毛细血管血压intrarenal acute renal failure肾性急性肾功能衰竭Intrusion烦扰ischemia injury缺血性损伤ischemia-reperfusion injury缺血-再灌注损伤Ischemic hypoxia stage缺血缺氧期isohydric principle等H+原则isosthenuria等渗尿isotonic dehydration等渗性脱水isotonic hypoxemia等张性低氧血症Janus kinase, JAK JAK激酶juxtaglomerular apparatus 近球小体，球旁器juxtaglomerular cells近球细胞，球旁器细胞kallikrein kinin prostaglandin system, KKPGS 激肽释放酶-激肽-前列腺素系统kininogen 激肽原left ventricular (LV) failure左心衰竭lethargy嗜睡，无生气leukotrienes白三烯lipid peroxidation脂质过氧化lipochromes脂色素lipopolysaccharide, LPS脂多糖lipoxygenase脂加氧酶Locus ceruleus(LC)-norepinephrine蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素神经元-交感neurons(NE)-sympathetic/adrenal medulla axislow output heart failure低输出量性心衰lupus erythematosus红斑狼疮lysophospholipids溶血磷脂lysosomic enzymes溶酶体酶macrophage-inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β)巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1βmacula densa致密斑maldistributive shock分布异常性休克malignant hypertension恶性高血压malondialdehyde丙二醛mechanical ventilation 机械通气medullary thick ascending limb, mTAL 髓襻升支粗段Memory 记忆mesangial cell 肾小球系膜细胞mesangium系膜metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis代谢性碱中毒methemoglobulinemia变性血红蛋白血症methylguanidine甲基胍Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia微血管病性溶血性贫血microcirculatory disturbances微循环障碍microtubule微管middle molecules中分子mineralocorticoid receptor ，MCR盐皮质激素受体mitogen-activated protein kinase丝裂原活化蛋白激酶mixed acid-base disorders混合性酸碱失衡mixed antagonist response syndrome, MARS混合性拮抗反应综合征molecular chaperone 分子伴娘monoamine neurotransmitter单胺类神经递质multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS多器官功能障碍综合征multiple organ failure, MOF多器官衰竭myocardial depressant factor, MDF心肌抑制因子myocardial hypertrophy心肌肥大myocardial stunning心肌顿抑myofilament肌丝myoinositol肌醇Na+/Ca2+ exchanger钠钙交换蛋白Na+/H+ exchanger钠氢交换蛋白natriuretic peptide尿钠肽nausea恶心，晕船necrosis坏死necrotic lesion 坏死性损伤nephrotoxic lesion 肾毒性损伤neurogenic shock神经源性休克neuroglia胶质细胞neuron神经元neuropeptide神经肽neurotensin神经降压肽neurotransmitter神经递质neutrophil嗜中性粒细胞nitric oxide synthase一氧化氮合酶nitric oxide, NO一氧化氮N-methyl-D-aspatate N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸non-insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus, NIDDM非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病nonoliguric ARF非少尿型急性肾功能衰竭nonvolatile acid非挥发酸nor protein nitrogen，NPN非蛋白氮no-reflow phenomenon无复流现象Norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素normocytic normochromic anemia正常红细胞正常色素性贫血nuclear factor κB, NF-κB核因子κBobstructive shock阻塞性休克obstructive ventilatory disorder阻塞性通气障碍oliguria 少尿oncotic pressure胶体渗透压organ failure stage器官衰竭期organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT)下丘脑终板血管器orthopnea端坐性呼吸困难osteitis fibrosa纤维性骨炎osteomalacia骨软化osteoporosis骨质疏松症osteosclerosis骨硬化oxalic acid草酸oxidative stress氧化应激oxidized glutathione，GSSG 氧化谷胱甘肽oxygen burst氧爆发oxygen capacity (CO2max)氧容量oxygen consumption rate耗氧率oxygen content (CO2)氧含量oxygen free radical氧自由基oxygen intoxication氧中毒oxygen paradox氧反常Oxygen saturation (SO2)氧饱和度oxygen therapy氧疗P53PaCO2动脉血二氧化碳分压paracrine旁分泌paradoxical aciduria反常性酸性尿paradoxical alkaline urine反常性碱性尿parathyroid hormone, PTH 甲状旁腺激素Parkinson disease帕金森病partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)氧分压perfusion灌注periarteritis nodosa动脉周围炎permeability通透性peroxidation过氧化peroxynite (ONOO )过氧亚硝酸盐Peroxynitrite anion, ONOO-过氧亚硝酸阴离子pH pHpH paradox pH反常phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphophate, PIP2磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸phosphatidylinositol system磷脂酰肌醇系统phosphoinsitol 3’ kinase,PI3K磷脂酰肌醇3激酶phospholipase磷脂酶phospholipase C, PLC磷脂酶C phosphorylation磷酸化physiological temperature regulation 生理性体温调节pitting edema凹陷性水肿Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)纤溶酶原激活物抑制物platelet-activating factor, PAF血小板活化因子platelet-derived growth factor; PDGF 血小板源性生长因子polyamines多胺polycystic kidney多囊肾polycythemia红细胞增多症polymorphonuclear leukocyte多形核白细胞polyuria多尿POMC前阿黑皮原portal hypertension门静脉高压症portal systemic encephalopathy（PSE）门脉系统脑病postrenal acute renal failure肾后性急性肾功能衰竭post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)创伤后应激障碍potassium deficit缺钾precipitating factor诱因preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus视前区前下丘脑(POAH)prerenal acute renal failure肾前性急性肾功能衰竭Presenilin,PS早老蛋白pressure overload压力负荷过度primary aldosteronism ，PA原发性醛固酮增多症prion protein, PrP朊蛋白programmed cell death程序性细胞死亡progressive renal disease进行性肾疾患proinflammatory cytokines致炎细胞因子proinflammatory mediators促炎介质prostaglandin前列腺素prostatic hypertrophy甲状腺肥大protein buffer system蛋白质缓冲系Protein C(PC)蛋白Cprotein kinase C, PKC蛋白激酶Cprotein kinase G, PKG蛋白激酶Gprotein kinase, PK蛋白激酶protein phosphatases蛋白磷酸酯酶Protein S(PS)蛋白Sprotein tyrosine phosphatase蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶proteinuria蛋白尿proximal convoluted tubules近曲小管pseudohypoparathyroidism, PHP假性甲状旁腺功能减退症P-substance P物质psychosocial dwarf心因性侏儒psychosocial short stature社会心理(心因性)矮小状态pulmonary artery wedge pressure, PAWP肺动脉楔入压pulmonary edema肺水肿pulmonary encephalopathy肺性脑病pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale)肺原性心脏病pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎pyridine derivatives嘧啶衍生物reactive oxygen species, ROS活性氧redox氧化还原反应reduced Glutathione，GSH 还原型谷胱甘肽reductive equivalent还原当量renal anemia肾性贫血renal hypertension肾性高血压renal insufficiency 肾功能不全renal osteodystrophy 肾性骨营养不良renal poisons肾毒物renal rickets肾性佝偻病renal tuberculosis肾结核renal tubular acidosis 肾小管性酸中毒renal tubular cells肾小管细胞renal ultrasound肾超声renin肾素renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system ，RAAS 肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统reperfusion arrhythmia再灌注性心律失常reperfusion injury再灌注损伤resin树脂respiratory acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratory burst呼吸爆发respiratory failure呼吸衰竭respiratory quotient呼吸商restrictive ventilatory disorder 限制性肺通气障碍reticulocyte网状细胞retinoblastoma视网膜母细胞瘤retinoid acid维甲酸retinol- binding protein视黄醇结合蛋白reverse mode反向转运rheumatoid arthritis类风湿性关节炎ribonuclease核糖核酸酶right ventricular (RV) failure右心衰竭Schistocyte裂体细胞schizophrenia精神分裂症second messengers第二信使seizures癫痫发作selectins选择素sepsis败血症septic shock败血症休克setpoint调定点shock休克signal molecules信号分子signal transducers and activators of transcription,信号转导和转录激活因子STATsignal transduction信号转导singlet oxygen, 1O2单线态氧soluble TNFα receptor, sTNFαR 可溶性TNFα受体spectrin血影蛋白spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHR 自发性高血压大鼠stagnant hypoxia stage淤血缺氧期Stem cells干细胞steroid/thyroid/retinoid/orphan-receptor family类固醇/甲状腺/类维生素A/孤儿Stress应激Stress ulcer应激性溃疡Stressor应激原stupor人事不省, 麻痹sulfhydryl (sulphydryl, hydrosulfide group), -SH-巯基superoxide anion, O2-·超氧阴离子superoxide dismutase, SOD超氧化物歧化酶sympathetic-adrenomedullary system交感神经－肾上腺髓质系统syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretionADH异常分泌综合征(SIADH)systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS全身炎症反应综合征systemic lupus erythematosus系统性红斑狼疮systolic failure收缩性心衰thalamus丘脑Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor(TAFI)凝血酶原激活的纤溶抑制物Thrombomodulin(TM)血栓调节蛋白Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)组织因子途径抑制物Tissue factor(TF)组织因子Tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA)组织型纤溶酶原激活物Trade-off Hypothesis矫枉失衡假说transcellular fluid跨细胞液transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β转化生长因子βtransmembrane signal transduction跨膜信号转导triglyceride甘油三酯tubuloglomerular feedback，TGF 管球反馈tubulorrhexic lesion 小管破裂性损伤tumor肿瘤tumor necrosis factor (TNF)肿瘤坏死因子Tumor necrosis factor α, TNFα肿瘤坏死因子αtyrosine hydroxylase酪氨酸羟化酶tyrosine kinase酪氨酸激酶tyrosine protein kinase , TPK酪氨酸蛋白激酶ubiquitination泛素化ultrafiltrate超滤液up-regulation上调urea尿素uremia 尿毒症uremia toxin 尿毒症毒素uremic frost尿素霜urethral calculi尿道结石urethrophraxis尿道梗塞uric acid尿酸Urokinase-plasminogen activator(uPA)尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP血管活性肠肽vasoactive peptide血管活性肽vasopeptidase inhibitor，VPI 血管肽酶抑制剂vasopressin,VP血管加压素vegetative state植物状态ventilation and perfusion imbalance通气-血流比例失调ventilatory disorder肺通气障碍ventral septal area (VSA)腹中隔区ventricular hypertrophy心室肥大vicious cycle恶性循环volatile acid挥发酸volume overload容量负荷过度water intoxication水中毒xanthine dehydrogenase, XD黄嘌呤脱氢酶xanthine oxidase, XO黄嘌呤氧化酶。