名词一、普通名词和专有名词1.普通名词普通名词是指非特定的人、事物或地点的名称或一个抽象概念的名称。
按意义可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
按可数不可数可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一般来说，个体名词和集体名词属于可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。
Tips：有些抽象名词可数，如：an idea2.专有名词专有名词指特定的人、事物、机构、地点名称或月份、节假日等名称。
专有名词首字母要大写。
二、可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词●可数名词指可以用数量表示的人、事物、地点或动物的名称；可数名词具有单数和复数形式，可以用数字等修饰a Chinese teacher 一个中文老师six Chinese teachers 六个中文老师单数可数名词是用来指一个人、一只动物、一个地点或一件事物的名词。
复数可数名词则指●复数名词的构成Tips：fish有两种复数形式：指鱼的数量，单数和复数同形（a fish一条鱼、three fish三条鱼、lots of fish许多鱼）；如果强调鱼的种类，复数加-es或用同形fish（different species of fishes/different species of fish不同种类的鱼）。
fish还可以是不可数名词，意思是鱼肉，无复数形式。
2.不可数名词不可数名词不可以用数量来表示，即不可以用数字等修饰；不可数名词都是单数名词，没有复数形式。
●一些常见的不可数名词money/tea/rice/rain/news/traffic/water/weather/work/advice/bread/butter/cheese/coffee/milk /knowledge/oil/snow/information/hair/bread3.名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式可数名词可以与动词单数形式或复数形式连用；不可数名词后面只能接动词单数形式。
●My sister loves that doll.单数可数名词（sister）后面接动词单数形式（loves）●Those girls love dolls.复数可数名词（girls）后面接动词复数形式（love）●My hair is brown.不可数名词（hair）后面接动词单数形式（is）4.名词的不定冠词单数可数名词前，通常使用不定冠词a/an/one等。
复数可数名词和不可数名词前，不加a/an（×a flowers ×an advice）但是可以与数量形容词some或者any连用（√some flowers √any advice ）5.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词有些名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，但意思不同。
6.不可数名词的数量表达有些不可数名词的物质名词（如：milk,water）,可以用可计算的量词来表示，如glass/bottle/piece等。
这些量词后面接of+不可数名词。
如果要表示两瓶水，三张纸这些复数概念，要在量词后面加复数。
a glass of milk一杯牛奶two bars of soap两块肥皂a jar of honey一罐蜂蜜a loaf of bread一块面包three bottles of water三瓶水三、名词所有格名词所有格用以表示所有权，意思是“……的”。
四、名词的句法功能名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补语和定语等。
五、练习1.写出下列单词的复数形式2.选词填空1.Dan and Stan are two _______from Japan.A.manB.menC.mans2.Lori’s mom told us two Christmas__________.A.storysB.storiesC.story3.Your__________are in my house.A.childrenB.childC.childs4.She has three__________.A.wishB.wishsC.wishes5.Grandpa has two bad__________.A.toothB.toothesC.teeth6.Are there a lot of___________in the pond?A.fishesB.fishsC.fish7.The box of__________is between those two__________.A.yo-yoes , pianoesB.yo-yos , pianosC.yo-yo , pianos8.Joe’s Aunt Rose always grows lots of__________and__________.A.potatos , tomatosB.potatoes , tomatosC.potatoes , tomatoes9.Mr.Hive’s cat has nine__________.A.lifesB.livesC.life10.I want to have __________.A.two loaf of breadsB.two loaves of breadC.two loafs of bread3.选出正确的答案1.Would you like (an apple juice/a glass of apple juice) ?2.Your (hair/hairs) looks lovely.3.Does mom have a lot of (butters/butter) ?4.I put some (money/monies) on the table.5.(Times fly/Time flies) when we’re having fun under the sun!6.(Is/Are) there any students absent today?7.I saw (heavy traffic/a heavy traffic) near the airport.8.Those flies are on (the boss’/the boss’s)pies.9.Where is (the women/the women’s )room?10.Did he close (the door of his bedroom/his bedroom’s door)?4.用is或are完成下列句子（可补充a/an）1.There__________some good news.2.There__________strawberry on my apple pie.3.These__________tasty strawberries.4.There__________too much noise on Neat Street.5.Lily，there__________puppy under your bed.6.There__________still some eggs in your fridge.7.There__________little dog behind that log.8.There__________three kittens in this basket.9.There__________still some milk in the bottle.10.That__________expensive cellphone!5.翻译1.Tricia’s junk might be_____________________________(另一个人的)treasure.2.His________________________(姨妈的爱情故事)are very interesting.3.(Dawn Knox的两只猫)____________________________like to play on those boxes.`4.The_____________________(鸟笼) is small.5.That is_______________________________(Sherlock Holmes的帽子).答案：1.写出下列单词的复数形式1.sheep2.copies3.birthdays4.leaves5.heroes6.videos7.dresses8.churches9.boxes10.buses2.选词填空1.B2.B3.A4.C5.C6.C7.B8.C9.B10.B3.选出正确的答案1. a glass of apple juice2.hair3.butter4.money5.Time flies6.Are7.heavy traffic8.the boss’s9.the women’s10.Peter’s4.用is或are完成下列句子（可补充a/an）1.is2.is a3.are4.is5.is a6.are7.is a8.are9.is10.is an5.翻译1.another person’s2.aunt’s love stories3.Dawn Knox’s two cats4.bird’s cage5.Sherlock Holmes’s hat。