翻译专题讲解一、大学英语四级考试翻译题型概述:全国大学英语四级考试的最后一个题型是翻译,要求考生在5分钟内处理5个句子,占总成绩5%的比例。
这道题不是整句的中译英翻译,而是在英文句子中挖掉一部分,给出中文,要求考生将中文译成英文,使句子完整。
句子的长度一般在15个词左右,要求翻译的内容大约有3-8个单词。
如:It has been decided that the meeting___________(延期到下星期六).四级考试翻译(汉译英)试题难度相对较低,属于考生应该争取拿分的基础题。
命题没有在词汇方面设置很高的难度,对考生而言,选择正确的词汇和句型才是更大的挑战。
换言之,翻译试题更多考察的是考生对基本语法和基础词汇的掌握能力。
二、重点:虚拟语气、从句(定语从句、主语从句、状语从句)、比较级、分词、常用词组表达。
第一课时:(四级翻译)1虚拟语气:用来表示非真实的假设,或者用来表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望。
考生应能够根据所给的信息判断出需要使用虚拟语气的情况。
虚拟语气的表现形式多种多样,一般来说,四级考试常考的虚拟语气形式有如下四种。
1.11) The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have had a chance to survive2) If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary (就不会被大雨淋了)wouldn’t have been caught by the rain.1.2特殊动词在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist、request、command、order等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形表示虚拟。
真题讲解:1)The professor required that (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday.We should hand in the research report.1.3 as if/as though, even if/even though在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中表虚拟。
如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时表虚拟;指现在状况,则用一般过去时表虚拟;指将来状况则用过去将来时表虚拟。
真题讲解:1)Even if_________(他在这), she could not solve the problem.she were here1.4 由连接词in case, lest , for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形真题讲解:1)She put a blanket over the baby for fear that_______(他着凉).he should catch cold知识点测评1:翻译---虚拟语气1.The special committee recommended that _________________________________ (这项工程不应动工) until all the preparations have been made.答案:the project not be started考点:虚拟语气,动词recommend后的宾语从句中使用should 加动词原形的虚拟式,should 可以省略.2.The audience must have missed their musical performance or they________________________________________(给予高度评价).答案:would have spoken highly of it考点:1)虚拟语气,表示和过去事实相反时,主句用would havedone 结构;2)短语“给予…高度评价”,可译为speak highly of….3.He works very hard___________________________________.(好像永远不打算睡觉似的) 答案:as if he never intended to sleep.考点:本题考查的是as if的用法,as if 后面可以是真实情况,也可以是虚拟情况,如果是虚拟情况,对现在的虚拟要用一般过去时,对过去的虚拟,要用过去完成时。
4.I was really anxious about you. You______(你本不应该一句话不说就离开家)答案:shouldn't have left home without a word.考点:考查的是情态动词的虚拟,对过去情况的虚拟用过去完成时。
5. If we had caught the 10 o'clock train,we (午饭时间到那里).would have got there by lunch考点:同上2 定语从句:定语从句通常修饰名词或代词,对其进行限制、描述和说明。
受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词,引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。
关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词主要有that, who, whose, which等,它们在定语从句可用作主语、宾语或定语;关系副词主要有when, where 和why,它们在定语从句中均用作状语。
关系词不仅引导定语从句,同时还在定语从句充当一定的句子成分。
that 与which的用法区别:两者都可指物,有时可互换。
其区别主要在于:(1) 引导非限制性定语从句时,通常只用which:He drove too fast, which was dangerous. 他开车很快,这是很危险的。
(2) 直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常只用which:The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。
(3) 当先行词是none, all, everything, anything等不定代词或受其修饰时,通常用that:All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。
(4) 当先行词受the very, the only, the same 等修饰时,通常用that:This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。
(5) 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词等修饰时,通常用that:This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。
(6) 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that:They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
真题讲解:1) The prevention and treatment of AIDS is (我们可以合作的领域)The field in which we can cooperate2. Medical researches are painfully aware that there are many problems_________ (他们至今还没有答案) (08.12)to which they still have no answers知识点测评2:翻译---定语从句1. What he objects to is the bureaucracy, ____.(这种情况正在不断滋长)答案:which is on the increase.考点:本题考查非限制性定于从句which 指代前句话的用法,考生不易想到。
2. We felt very disappointed after the show,______.(因为很多应该参加演出的名演员没有来)答案:as many famous stars who should have appeared did not come.考点:用关系代词who引导定语从句;在英语中表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事,要用“should + have +过去分词”的句式。
3 主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if 和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why 等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
真题讲解:1)(很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.What people don’t realize2)(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possibility for their children.What most parents are concerned about4 状语从句1.1 地点状语从句(adverbial clause of place) where, wherevere.g. You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方.e.g. We will go wherever the motherland needs us most.我们要到祖国最需要的地方去1.2 原因状语从句,(adverbial clause of cause) because ,as, since常用的引导连词有because,as和since,三者的区别是:在回答问题的时候,使用because;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在主句之前,而because的从句常放在主句之后。