1Rock music began in America in the late 1950's ・ It was not only a new musical form , but a forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life . In this foiiini, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights , war and peace ,the disaffection of their society , and a range of emotions between love and hate ・ Allin all, in this forum , the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society ・ The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley , singer and poet Bob Dylan , the Bealtles , the rolling Stones and so on ・ They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped ・2The American young people in 1960，s were a generation of rebellion ・ Tliey found that the affluent American society was filled with poverty , injustice and gypocrisy . They didn't tmst the adult world that didn't belong to them and revised to take theii' beliefs and values . Many young people took active part in the struggle which protested against poverty , racial discrimination and Vietnam War ・ Some young people even tried to overthrow this world by armed revolution. Many other young took passive ways to show their disaffections ・ They took drugs , refused to take any responsibilities and lived a parasitic way of life ・ Or they escaped to the frontiers andlived a primitive way of life ・3Mathilda had been ill for three days ・ Her mother had given her some medicine, but it didn^t do any good ・So they had to ask the doctor to come ・ There had been a number of cases of diphthena in Mathildaschool and two of them had been dead ・ When the doctor anived at Olson's home . he wanted to examine Mthilda's tluoat first ・ But no matter how he coaxed ”She wouldn't open her mouth ・ So the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth ・ But Mathilda reduced it to splinters .In order to protect Mathilda herself and other children , the doctor had to make sure whether she had diphtheria or not, so that he could treat her in time ・ Letting Mathilda c sfather hold her wrists lie tned his best to open her mouth and found she really had diphtheria. Tliis stoiy made us can think such a question that something in life can^ only depend on self willingness ・ Under some circumstances , certain force seems necessary ・4Tlie need for laws on euthanasia can t be dodged for much longer . Euthanasia is a taboo in mostcountries .In these countries doctors can only practise it secretly . But it is openly practiced in somecountries , such as Holland ・ Right now more and more countries are going over the arguments about legalizing euthanasia .When a patient suffers from illness for a long time and there is no hope of curing it, why do we let hull polong die tliroes ?Why can't we practise euthanasia to stop the tliroes ?But if we legalize euthanasia , there will be a danger Someone may use it for killing ・ All in all、euthanasia is question we can't dodge .5The American women made great contributions to the nation's development, but they received different forms of prejudices because of their sex . In politics , they did all the tedious details that made the differene between victory and defeat on election day and seldom had the chance to reach a better position , while the men reaped the rewards .In economy , most women did the lower-paying and dead -end jobs and they were paid less than the men for the same job ・ Many Ainencan people didn't admit it was prejudice against women ・ They said it was only a different division of labour in society ・ Even many women were content with their roles as second-class citizens ・ So the author said it was a long painful struggle for the women to get real equality ・6When I knew Magpie got a scholarship of a California University and could go to the Fine Arts School tostudy , I was very pleased for him ・ I knew he wanted to become a poet all the time. I also knew he had a good talent ・ It was a very good chance for him ・ So I went back to Crow Creek to tell him about the good news and let him fill out some papers ・ But I didn't find him at liis home ・ His wife said they had not been together for a while and only heard he was in Chamberlain ・ Then I went for Salina and asked her to help me find Magpie ・ Salina said Magpie had changed a lot since he was taken into prison ・ She thought he was not interested in going to the university of white people . But I said Magpie had a right to know this news and make the decision whether to go or not by himself ・ She agreed and took me to his good friend , Elgie . But when I could really see Magpie at last, he had been shot by the police ・7Miss Brill was an English who lived in a coastal city in France ・ She was old and poor ・ She would go tothe park on every Sunday afternoon ・ She always sat on the same bench , listening people around her talk , or watching other people's lives in front of her ・ She suddenly had a feeling on that Sunday afternoon ・ She felt the life was like a play and she was one part of the community ・ She had a part in the performance ・ At thistime , the feeling of loneliness began to escape her ・But just at this time she heard a couple of young people talk about her with contempt ・ Even the young man asked her to leave in a low voice ・ The short feeling of happiness disappeared ・ she went home with a broken heart ・8Man created language . It was man s way of communicating with his fellow man . The difference between oraland written language was that oral language could take the human voice to infuse it with the shades of deeper meaning ・ Flowers was nearly singing when she read A Tale of Two Cities ・ It sounded beautifu 1 ・ Her reading made me realize the wonder of language・ Mrs. Flowers gave me novels and poems ・ I learned value of life from these books and realized how beautiful the language of literature works was ・Man created language . It was man s way of communicating with his fellow man . The difference between oral and written language was that oral language could take the human voice to infuse it with the shades of deeper meaning ・Flowers was nearly singing when she read A Tale of Two Cities ・ It sounded beautifu 1 ・ Her reading made me realize the wonder of language・ Mrs. Flowers gave me novels and poems ・ I lea门】cd value of life from these books and realized how beautiful the language of literature works was ・9People hate a short attention span . So in order to capture the viewer s attention , television must provide constant stimulation through variety , novelty , action and movement ・ The result of doing so is that news is too brief and results in inefficient communication ・ Many news programs are like " niachme -gunning with scraps "and fight coherence of appeal to the short attention span will decn^ilize as well. To avoid complexity means to give up tlunking . The “ fimctionally illiterates 八among adult Americans are contmually increasing . They even do not know how to answer the want ad. Or understand the instmetions on a medicine bottle ・At least television should beresponsible for part of it ・10One night, two German military officers were murdered by Frenchmen ・ The next day , a Gennan officerdeclared to thirty French prisonei*s , “ My order is that one man in every ten shall be selected and shot tomorrow . That is to say , three of you thirty people will die tomorrow . We are indifferent as to which three ・You can choose for yourselves ・'，The prisoners had a heated discussion about who should die. Someone said the old people should go first ・This was the way of nature ・ Some people said the unmarried should go first because they had no responsibilities . At last, all consented to drawing lots to decide which three went to die . A rich lawyer unfortunately got the death draw ・ He said , " I 'll give a hundred thousand fi*ancs to anyone who will die for me ・11Some people will fall asleep as soon as their heads touch the pillows . Some people can't go to sleep although they have been lying in bed several hours ・ The more he wants to go to sleep , the more wakeful he is ・I belong to the latter ・ When I write an essay, I feel an oveipowering desire for sleep . But when I go to bed , I can do anything but sleep ・ I can compose grand symphonies , paint magnificent pictures and write good essays ・The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion , but tliey are of no a*vail. When I can t go to sleep at night, I imagine a dialogue with a friend till I either laugh or fall asleep ・ I find this is a good way to go to sleep ・12As a very small child , I made up my mind to become a writer in future ・ When I become a writer , what I have most wanted to do is to make political writing into a work of art ・ The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is wrong ・ Writing is exposing lies , protecting truth and also an aesthetic experience . Animal Farm was the book in which I tried to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole ・ Writing should serve the society and the public ・ This is the principle I must follow . I f a writer lacks political purpose , he will only write some purple passages , even some humbug ・13The first thing Russell thinks is the most ordinary function of work , namely the relief o ftedium. He thinks even the dullest work is less painful than idleness to most people ・ Then he talks about how the work can provide the people with opportunities for their ambitions. Man, as a member of the society , hopes that he can procure more and more social achievements ・ He points out that most women are so unfortunate that they can not work outside their homes ・ They are deprived of this chance ・It seems that different kinds of work give people satisfaction to different degrees ・ Russell studies the concerning two chief elements , that is the exercise of skill and constniction .When he analyzes the latter , Russell finds an opportunity to express his profound hatred to the war and social violence ・14John F・ Kerry was a discharged veteran from Vietnam War and took part in the investigation held in Detroitin December in 1970 . He thought the purpose for the veterans to attend the investigation was not only to confess their war crimes in order to purge their souls . It was not the individual but the American government that should have been responsible for the war crimes ・ He hoped to arouse the sense of responsibility of American people by this text. He criticized that the mass of people ill Ainenca literally didn't give a damn and pointed out that the policy of the Ainencan gov亡rnment was hypocritical. He revealed the veterans' miserable conditions after they came back : racial discrimination .drug taking , unemployment, no good medical care , etc. In the end he told the readers 什lat members of Vietnam Veterans Against the War would march on Washington to the Capitol ・ Their most important demand was that the government set a date for withdrawl of troops from Vietnam, othenvise , they would camp and stay there and won't mov亡・15The author first pointed out that American and European women expended a large sum of money on cosmetics in order to make them look younger and more beautiful ・ Unlike the people of 19th centuiy, they didn't think that only women who were not virtuous could use cosmetics . But the author worried that women only paid attention to their appearances and ignored the necessity to overcome the ugliness of their hearts ・ He thought the people would be really beautiful only when the human beings had an opportunity to live harmoniously . But the author did not thinkthe objective could be realized ・16The three interviewers hid the truth of the firm to McDeere and only told him that the firm mainly did tax work . The clients of the firm were all big corporations , banks and wealthy people . Although the firm was not large in size and only consisted of forty -one lawyers，the salaries an all other benefits of the members were incredibly high ・ For the first year , McDeere could receive a base salary of eighty thousand dollars , plus bonuses , a low -interest mortgage and a luxurious car ・ If he worked liard , he would become a partner in ten years ・ If he put in ten more years , he could be a millionaire .All these were very appealing to Mcdeere ・ He agreed to accept this job without hesitation . But he could not imagine that he mistakenly went into a lawyer firm which was controlled by a black organization and specialized in illegal activities ・1It's not easy to work in a big company . Tliere is strict luerarchy in the company . and if you hope to be successful and get promotion , you have to obey directions and disciplines in addition to bear heavy pressure of work and work hard ・ Every day you are under rigid supervision and live in panic ・ If what you do is a job which will not provide you any chance to get promotion and for some reasons you have no way to find another job , youwill be bored with it and feel dull ・ You will be in despair, lose ambition and working motivation . and finally become a mediocre ・2Eveline agreed to marry Frank -an Irish sailor who lived in Buenos Ayres ・ They got to know each other when Frank just came back Dublin to spend his holidays ・ They would go to Buenos Ayres by boat that night ・ The boat was going to leave in a few hours, but she was still in doubt whetlier it was wise or not to go to such a distant country with Frank . Although she didn't like the job in the store . and her father didn t treat her well, it was the only life that she was familiar with , after all ・ Besides , Eveline had promised to her mother that she would keep the home together as long as she could before her mother died ・ But the vision of the miserable life of her mother made her feel horrible ・ She would live a happy life with Frank ・But she changed her mind before boarding the boat ・ The boat left with Frank ・ Everybody dreamed of happylife , but one must have courage to realize his dream ・3Television has much more advantages than newspapers ・ When watching TV, we use our eyes as well as ears ; we can see the words and picture on the screen , and listen to the language and music as well ・ TV news broadcasting is quicker than that of newspapers ・ But television lives on commercial advertising to an even greater extent than newspapers ・Profits drive television to cater to the lowest instinct of man ・There are violence and sex in entertainment programmes of American television . Very often , television coverage of news is superficial and inadequate ・There are a lot of problems in American newspapers too ・ the most prominent problem is that newspapers distort fact, and attack the countries .people and the social systems which Americans do not like ・4The life circle includes birth , being old , and deatl 1. Death is an unavoidable end for everybody ・ Aging is the neglected period of human life circle ・ Death happens within a few seconds while aging is a long period which means illness , poverty , and loneliness advertisements and travel folders show relaxed , happy , well-dressed older people enjoying recreation.travel and their grandchildren ・ But all these can not be enjoyed by the poor elder ・ They have to struggle to survive in old age ・ Many old people stniggle to exist in an inhospitable world ・ Tliere are more and more old people in the world now , and the government of every country is beginning to pay attention to the problems of old people ・5Mrs . Wright was a town girl before she married John Wright and lived in his fann . She used to be a lively girl who liked singing ・ But during the thirty years living together with Wright, she totally changed . Wright was miserly and never paid attention to his wife's needs . There was no joy in their house , and even the neighbours were reluctant to call at their house . One winter morning , Mr. Hale . their neighbour, found that Wright was strangled on his bed .Mrs Wright said that she didn't know who killed her husband . Her behaviour was very queer . She didn't call the police , but just sat in the rocker rocking back and forth in the kitchen . The policemen arrested her ・Next morning , county sheriff and county attorney took Hale back to the farm to investigate who had killed Wright ・6Tlie county sheriff and county attorney couldn't find out any sign of anyone having come from the outside , and they were sure that Wright had been killed by his wife ・ In order to make juries believe the story , they had to find out Mrs . Wight's motive for killing her husband , but they failed ・ While they were busy investigating ,the two women sitting in the kitchen found a dead canary which was wrapped up in a piece of silk lying in a box ・ The canary had been wrung to dcatl】・ The two women could imagine what kind of life Mrs ・ Wright had spent while living with Wright in this house . They didn't want the box contauimg the dead canary to be seen by sheriff and county attorney .In order to protect Mrs ・ Wright, they hid the box ・7Ace was in a plight ・ He lost the job and was afraid to see his wife ・Evey had to work as a saleswoman because Ace could not earn enough money to support the family ・ She was always very tired after working a whole day ・ She always had no time to cook dinner ・ now he was sacked , so he was worried that Evey would be mad . Ace 's mother took care of their daugliter Bourne for them . Evey always took Bomue back , but Ace went to take Bourne that day . Ace's mother was glad that Ace lost the job , for she thought Ace should have a better job ・ Evey was not very angry with Ace this time , but did Ace get rid of the plight ?8Why are so many people overweight in the United States ? Most people may say that there are two reasons ・ One is that American food is tasty ; the other is that they take few exercises ・ But the author doesn't think this way . He proposes such a hypothesis tliat people eat in order to satisfy the sense of taste ・ When food has the flavor of library paste , people need to eat more so as to satisfy die frustrated taste buds . " Science 44 causes the blandness of American food which is the real reason why obesity lias become a national curse . We should not be very serious about the author s strange opinion which is merely a way that the author used to satirize the American food ・9I was born , grew up and finished high school in Watts , so I have deep feelings to Watts ・ I decided to make a career in Watts because it was supposed to be impossible ・ At that time , many young blacks left Watts in droves . They thought they could make a career only outside the ghetto . I also left Watts and went to study in Oxford University and Yale University ・ The riots in ghetto in 1960s showed the ever increasing militancy of the blacks ・The riots were the most significant massife action taken by Northern Negroes . It was a watershed ill the ghetto's history . Tlie deepest impact of the riots was on the people of Watts ・ I will never escape from the ghetto ・ I have staked my all on its future ・ Watts is my home ・10Customers have different values about products and services ・Some customers demand low prices with die least inconvenience . Some customers don't care much about the prices 、but they demand that the products should represent the hottest style and technology on the market ・ Other customers demand that products and services should meet their specific needs ・ Thus , if a company hopes to become the market leader and keep its edge , it must focus on one dimension and create a breakthrough to reach new heights of performance according to its own situation ・ It can win through cost or with great products or through customer intimacy ・11Human beings have four major desires ; acquisitiveness , rivalry , vanity and love of power ・ Acquisitiveness is the wish to possess as much as possible of goods ・ Satiety is a dream which will always elude you ・ Acquisitiveness is the mainspring of the capitalist system , but rivalry is a much stronger motive than acquisitiveness ・ Vanity is a motive of immense potency ・ It is scarcely possible to exggerate the influence of vanity throughout the range of human life ・ But love of power is a motive which overweighs vanity ・ love of power is insatiable ・ Love of power is by far the strongest motive in the lives of important men ・ 1 ovc of power is greatly increased by the experience of power ・12Jerry -——Marian s son ——had to join the army and was sent to Vietnam to fight a losing battle shortly after hespent twenty -year -old birthday ・ Later, he was captured in one battle and was sent to a prison -compound . Yoiuig Jerry couldn't stand such a hea\y blow and broke down . the handsome young man changed into another person ・ He was expressionless with a dull look in his eyes . His face muscles were jerkmg . He looked like an idiot. Mananas heart broke when she saw her idiot son in the newsreel ・ What made her relieved was the fact that her son was still alive and she would wait for her son patiently ・13Huxley states in the article that most people are snobs about something ・ He says that some people even feel that they are important just because of having certain diseases ・ But so far I have never met any disease -snobs .In china , during the Culture Revolution , the snobbery of family and the snobbery of ignorance and stupidity were most popular ・ Twenty years later, modernity -snobbery is making headway today ・ our media encourage modernity -snobbery desperately ・ TV advertisements urge people to buy new goods ・ In addition , they make you feel that you are shameful if you don’t have the most fasliionable goods . For up-to-dateness means that you are wealthy , and wealth is a symbol of strong capability ・ Only a man knowing his own mind can resist the flood of propaganda ・14Arthur likes to go fisliing along the canal on Sunday momings . After six days' tiring labor work , he wants to leave the factory , leave the city as soon as possible to go to the tranquil countryside and sit by the canal, fishing ・He thinks it is a best way to relax himself and a best way to forget all the troubles ・ The factory is dirty stinking and ugly and people do not want to stay there for one more minute ・ Tlic countrywide has a picturesque view : fresh air, enchanting spring scene , green grass and trees , fragrant earth ・ The factory is hell while the countryside is heaven ・15Most people believe that American education is of the highest quality in the world , but the author has his unique opinion ・ He thinks that there are serious problems in American education ・ The low quality of American education can not be faulted on the low teaching level ・ Teachers are working hard , but the problem is that they are teaching so rigidly that they work rigidly from the approved rigidly programmed primers . They are afraid of losing the job . They can't cultivate rare genius in this way ・ Another serious problem in american education is that children are not taught how to respect and inherit cultural heritage of human beings . What the author states here is the situation of primary education ・ Are the secondary education and higher education in the same situation ・?16Jerry was tired of swimming and sunbathing ・ He wanted to swim down to the bottom of the sea to see what it was like there and play with other boys ・ But he felt he should not leave his widowed mother alone ・ His mother was also considerate of him ・ she hoped Jerry to stay on the safe beach with her care at his side ・ But she was afraid that her son felt that she tried to keep him close and she was possessive ・ Her son was eleven years old ・ She should give him freedom , and let him go wherever he likes to go . He could take care of himself without her ・ When Jerry swam far , he kept looking back to see whether his mother was still on the beach ・。