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名词和主谓一致

(一)不可数名词1以下几个以f 结尾的名词只加 s : roof-roofs (屋顶),belief-beliefs (信念), proof-proofs(证明)。

注:还有不少名词复数形式是不规则变化的:如:Dutchme n5)复合名词的复数形式因词而异,有下列四种变化,必须分别熟记。

a 、以可数名词结尾的复合名词,直接加-s 。

如:tooth-brushes , boy-frie nds , store-keepers , film-goersc 、以man 和woman 等为前缀的复合名词变复数形式时,则前后两部分都要变为复数形式。

女口: a woma n doctor-- three wome n doctors 注:a.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。

如:papers (报纸,文件),manners (礼貌),goods (货物),works (工厂),looks (外 表),glasses(眼镜),greens (青菜),hairs ((几根)头发),times (时代),名词和主谓一致foot--feettooth--teeth2) 单、复数形式相同。

如: a sheep-- two sheep此外,还有 means, fish, works( 制等单位的名词,如 yuan ,jiaochild--childre nmouse--micea deer-- three deer工厂),species ( 种类) ,fen , jin , mu以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、币goods (货物)glasses (眼镜) 谢)clothes (衣服)remains (遗物,遗体)录)trousers (裤子)gloves (手套) 裤)peopledumpli ngs (饺子)no odlespolicecon gratulati ons (祝贺)(所有物)compasses (圆规) thanks (感ashes (灰) contents (目scissors(剪刀) jea ns (牛仔doings savi ngs (行为) (储蓄)bel ongings4)表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而各异。

a 、 单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, Vetnamese ( 越南人),Swiss ( 瑞士人),Portuguese ( b 、 力口 s 构成:America ns, Germa ns, Africa ns, Asia ns, Australia ns, Can adia ns, In dia ns, Belgians (比利时人),Europeans ( 欧洲人),Greeks, Swedes ( 瑞典人),Arabs ( Hungarians (匈牙禾U 人).c 、 改 man 为 men : 葡萄牙人)阿拉伯人),an En glishma n-- four En glishme na Fren chma n-- three Fren chme nsands (沙滩,沙地),irons (脚镣手铐),drinks (饮料),forces (军队),spirits (酒精;情绪),customs (海关)‘letters(文学),teas (各种茶),silks (各种丝绸),fruits (各种水果),fishes (各种鱼)b. word 一词作"消息”或"通知”解时,前面不加"a”或"the ”,也不用复数形式。

如:Word came that the meeting would be held next Friday.Please send me word of your safe arrival in New York.d.请注意下列词组中的单、复数形式的含义:keep on e's word(守信),break on e's word(失信),leave word(留言),a man of his word(守信用的人),in a word(简言之),word for/by word(逐字地),eat one's words(收回前言,认错),the last words(临终的话),waste one's words(白费口舌), have words with somebody (与某人争吵),have a few words (a word) with somebody(与某人说几句话)(2)、不可数名词不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。

如:health ,glass ,wood, English ,American,Canada下列名词常用作不可数名词,因此没有复数形式,其谓语动词须用单数形式:air(空气)behaviour(举止)bread(面包)butter(黄油) clothing(衣服)coffee(咖啡)fruit(水果)furniture(家具) housework(家务) grass(草)homework(家庭作业)ice(冰)information(消息)luck(运气)knowledge(知识)fun(乐趣)news(新paper(纸)progress(进步)sugar(糖)snow(雪)rain(雨) rice(米)traffic(交通) trouble(烦恼) water(水)weather(天气)work(工作)注:不可数名词表示个体时,须用单位名词(相当于量词)。

请记住下列常用的单位名词:a piece of advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/fur niture/glass/i nformati on/ kindn ess/la nd/meat/ news/paper/wood/worka bar of chocolate/soapa cake of soapa loaf of bread a bottle of coke/dri nk/in k/milk/ora nge/water/w inea pair of chopsticks/glasses/gloves/scissors/shoes/socks/trousersa bag of rice/flour/milka bowl of rice/soup/noodles a glass of water/milk/orange a cup of tea/water(二)名词的所有格5)表示在“某人家”、“某人店铺”等的名词所有格后面的名词,通常省略。

如:at Mr.Green's(在格林先生家),at the tailor's(在裁缝店),at the barber's(在理发店),atthe doctor's(在诊所);6)表示无生命的东西的名词,通常用of+ 名词的结构来表示所有关系。

如:the windowof the classroom, a map of China ;但是有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的东西的名词,可以加“ 's ”来构成所有格。

如:today's newspaper ,ten minutes' walk ,China's problem ,the hospital's waiting-room ;(三)主谓一致、1、语法形式上的一致。

主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。

如:The number of the students in his class is very large. 但是: A number ofstudents are planting trees on the hill.(a number of = many )Tom and Peter are good friends.She has seen the film three times.The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk next week.(the teacher and writer 指同一个人)The teacher and the writer are talking over there.(the teacher and the writer 指两个人)The knife and fork is lying on the table.(the knife and fork 指同一个概念)A horse is a useful animal.The woman with a baby in her arms is Anne's aunt.(划线部分为定语)He ,as well as his friends ,is very interested in English.(划线部分为状语)The teacher, together with his students, is singing an English song in the classroom.(划线部分为状语)2、意义上的一致。

1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。

如:The Smith family are having breakfast.单数形式表示复数意义的名词有family ,army,people ,police ,class ,group ,crowd ,team 等。

2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数,则谓语动词用单数形式。

如:The news is very exciting. 形式上为复数而意义上却是单数的名词有news,works (工厂)和一些以ics 结尾的学科名称,如physics ,politics ,maths 等。

3、就近原则。

即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

如用连词or ,either...or... ,neither...nor... ,not only...but also... 等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数或第三人称单数、一个是复数或非第三人称单数,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。

如:Either you or he knows about Mr White.Neither she nor I am a doctor.Are either you or he a doctor?注:请注意如下几个问题。

1、名词作主语1)某些集体名词(如family ,class ,team 等)作主语时,如果作为一个整体来看,谓语动词用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词则要用复数形式。

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