【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧(很有用)及练习题一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读理解Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken "family-style" from a central plate can greatly improve the outcome of later negotiations.Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules. The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（13.2 rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104participants and Goldfish crackers（饼干）, this time negotiating an airline's route prices. The results were much the same, with the food-sharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time.（1）What does the "family-style" meal in the report refer to？A. A meal taken at home.B. A meal shared with others.C. A meal consumed by oneself.D. A meal taken in a family atmosphere.（2）For what purpose did the researchers carry out the present experiments?A. To show the way food is served.B. To prove sharing food increases competition.C. To confirm sharing food can promote cooperation.D. To find out whether sharing food can get people close emotionally.（3）Why were participants asked to eat up the snack before the game?A. To add to their energy.B. To reward them for their participation.C. To hide the intention of the experiment.D. To avoid the distraction during the game.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了外交宴席的心理学，研究表明，从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result.”他们形成了一套理论，认为一方面，与他人一起吃饭可能表明粮食短缺，并加强了竞争的概念。
然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。
可知family-style指的是与别人一起用餐，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.”然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。
出于好奇心，他们做了一系列实验。
可知选C。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.”作为实验的掩护，所有受试者都得告在游戏开始前就要吃完这些零食。
可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
2．犇犇阅读理解In our twenties, we find it funny when we can't remember our neighbor's cat's name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it "brain freeze". In our forties, we laugh it off as a" senior moment" and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. You think, "Am I losing it？"Or worse, "Is this a sign of Alzheimer's disease （老年痴呆症）？"Well, don't worry. The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimer's disease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show that it's not forgetfulness but not being aware that we're forgetful that we should fear.The researchers began with the assumption that one common feature of Alzheimer's dis-ease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with" mild cognitive（认知的）damage" will progress to full-on AD. For the study, "mild cognitive damage" was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either complained of memory loss or had suffered objective memory loss.The researchers used existing data for 1, 062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12-year period. The data included brain scans, which the researchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake（葡萄糖吸收）.It is an objective marker of thesort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. What the researchers also discovered was that glucose uptake was reduced in those with mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduced illness awareness. Finally, the researchers found that those who had reduced illness awareness were more likely to develop AD than those without.（1）What can be implied from paragraph 1？A. People can be forgetful at different ages.B. The memory of the young is better than the old.C. Old people are most afraid of getting Alzheimer's disease.D. It's a rare phenomenon when young people forget something.（2）What statement does the researchers in the new study agree with?A. Being aware all the time is a fearful thing.B. Illness awareness has nothing to do with Alzheimer's disease.C. Recognizing forgetfulness doesn't mean developing Alzheimer's disease.D. Realizing forgetfulness must be a sign of developing Alzheimer's disease.（3）What can be a sign of developing Alzheimer's disease?A. Realizing others' forgetfulness.B. Reduced uptake of glucose.C. Having higher intake of glucose.D. Expected increase in brain function.（4）From which is the text probably taken?A. Science fiction.B. A chemistry book.C. A science research.D. A health brochure.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症, 一项新的研究表明，不是遗忘，而是没有意识到我们的健忘让人们感到害怕。