She broke (爆发) then: At that time she could no longer control her emotions 她再也控制不住(她的情感)了sob (vi.): cry or weep in very low sound 抽泣…feeling Mother’s back racked (shake violently) with emotion 感到母亲的背在颤抖rack one’s brains绞尽脑汁vulnerability (U): being liable to be damaged or hurt 益受伤害的;脆弱的be vulnerable to (sth.): His viewpoint is vulnerable to criticism.Note: venerable 德高望重的…but she was something more: a person like me (同位语), capable of fear and hurt and failure (定语)Patterns:be capable of sth. /doing sth. 具有做某事的能力be able to do sth. 有能力做某事on a thousand occasions = on many, many casesseek (sought) comfort 寻找安慰Paragraphs (21 –24)…took (=got) a job selling dry goods (定语)dry goods ( AmE): textile fabric products (美语)纺织纤维品Note: goods, commodity (C), merchandise, product (C)at half the salary the radio station had offered (定语)the evening practice sessions on the old green typewriter (定语)session: a meeting / a period of time devoted to a specific activity…the evening practice sessions: the evening hours for practiceNote: typewriter (打字机) typewrite (打字) typist (打字员)tapping away: tapping on without stoppingNote: The adverb “away” here means “without stopping” or “continuously”1. The soldiers fired away until they had no ammunition (弹药) left.2. Though he is very rich now, he still works away in his office as if he were a clerk.…there was something more going on (=happening / taking place) in there (=sewing room) than a woman learning to type: besides learning to type, Mother was also showing her determination to overcome whatever difficulties she might meet with, her strong will not to accept defeat easily and her courage to go aheadleave for = leave … for…; leave for college = go to collegenewspaper reporter: correspondent; journalist 记者in some strange way: 以某种不可思议的方式hometown paper 家乡的报纸/报社The old green typewriter sits (=stays; is put) in my office, unrepaired (=without having been repaired).memento: sth, which reminds one of a holiday, a friend, etc.; souvenir (纪念品)1. These post cards are mementos of their trip to Italy.2. This gold pen is a memento of his grandfather.recall (vt.) 回忆; 回想Pattern: recall doing sth (Right); recall to do sth (Wrong)e.g.: I recall meeting him somewhere.…but what it (=the typewriter) recalls for me is not quite (=not so much as) what it recalls for Mother. 但它所勾起的我的回忆与妈妈的不尽相同…I am having trouble (=difficulty) with a story (=a newspaper article) and think about giving up (=abandon 放弃;打退堂鼓)e.g,: What are those main stories (新闻) in today’s newspaper?cranky (adj.): (of a machine) shaky; out of order; malfunctioning…I roll a piece of paper into that cranky old machine 我把一张纸卷进那台破旧的打字机里word by word 一个自一个字地e.g.: Translate the sentence word by word. 逐字地翻译那个句子.…type, word by painful word…: and type painfully, word by word, ……just the way (by which) Mother did (=typed)go ahead 向前，继续向前，用于go ahead with sth.e.g.: At present our government is trying hard to go ahead with the measures on the control of price of real estate.Note: remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事remember doing or having done sth. 记得曾经做过某事1. Remember to attend the meeting at 2 p.m. tomorrow.2. I remember sending / having sent an E-mail to him last week.It is the best memento (that) anyone ever gave me.V Structure----It was not (or won’t be) long before…Model: It wasn’t long before mother had a full enrollment and a waiting list.It won’t be long before mother has a full enrollment and a waiting list.----Just that… : it is just that …Here “ that- clause” is used to express a reason o r cause,e.g.—It is rather she was very busy then, not that she didn’t like it.VI Summarizing as the following:It is hard for parents and children to really understand one another. And there does exist a generation gap. But I think it is even harder for children to understand their parents. Parents see their children grow up; they see them laugh when they are happy and cry when they are sad or hurt; they know what their children like and what they don’t like. As a rule, children know very little about their parents when they were children; and parents usually try to conceal their true feeling and emotions from their children. That’s why the 16-year-old boy in our story was very much shocked one day when he saw his mother crying for the first time.VII Exercises: Cloze on page99, translation on page100, and skill (Understanding Figurative Language)VII Exercises outside class:Preview this unitReview the next unit.Do all exercises in our books.Unit Six A day's waitTeaching aims:1.Expand and master vocabulary2.Acquire certain language points3.Improve learners' reading ability4.know of the idea and artistic skill of text5.Ss can master basic structures of the text6.Ss can generalize the main idea of the text and retell the story.Teaching key and difficult points:1 Key words and expressions:absolutely acid commence detached flush gaze icy instruction poise prescribe scatter shiver slack slide unsteadily2 Important structures in the Unit:1) Usage of the combining form therm(o)-2) Usage of the prefix milli-3) be+of +n.= be +adj.Teaching methods:M-M-C; Heuristic; Presentation-practice; Multi-media Group discussion, pair work, games if necessaryTeaching time: 6 periodsTeaching Procedures:I. Information Related to the Text1)About the authorErnest Hemingway (1899---1961) was born in a well-to-do suburb of Chicago. His father was a physician who liked to hunt and fish in his spare time. After graduation from high school, Ernest Hemingway worked briefly as a journalist. In 1917 he went to Italy with a volunteer ambulance unit, then fought as a soldier in the Italian army, and was badly wounded. This experience in World War I gave him materials for many short stories and some of his novels, including The Sun Also Rises (1926) and A Farewell to Arms (1929). During Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), he went to Spain as a journalist, strongly supporting the losing Republican side against the Fascists forces of Franco. His experiences there provided material for one of his best novels, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). In 1952, he published his masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea. In 1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.Death and courage are two of the themes that Hemingway often writes about. Essentially, Hemingway thinks of courage as a person’s ability to be calm and controlled in the face of death. “ A man may be destroyed, but not defeated.” he declared.2)ThermometersA thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature. Most thermometers have scales marked off in class, the unit in which temperature is measured. The most common scales are: Fahrenheit used in everyday temperature measurement in the United States and some other English-speaking countries. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32°and the boiling point 212°.Celsius, or Centigrade, used throughout most of the world. On the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is 0℃and the boiling point is 100℃.To convert a temperature reading in degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 and then multiply by 5/9. To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by 9/5 and then add 32. The conversion formulas for these are:Fahrenheit to Celsius: C= 5/9(F--32)Celsius to Fahrenheit: F= 9/5C +32II. Introductory QuestionsThe following questions are designed to check how well the students are prepared for this lesson:1) A day’s wait for what? (For death)2) Who has been waiting a whole day for death? (An American boy.)3) Do es the doctor tell the father that the boy’s illness is dangerous?(NO, he says that there is no danger if pneumonia can be avoided.)4) What does the boy think his illness?(He thinks his illness is very dangerous and he is going to die.)5) Why does the boy think he is going to die?(Because he heard the doctor say his temperature was 102, and when he was in France, the boys told him that no one can live with 44 degrees.)6) How does the boy behave while waiting to die?(He remains calm and controlled in the fate of death.)III. Language Points1. He came into the room to shut the windows…:Obviously, the family in the story has the habit of sleeping with the windows open, even in winter when the temperature outside is below 0℃. The boy has a headache. He guesses he has got a cold. So he goes to his parent’s room to close the windows. He doesn’t want his parents to catch cold as he has done.2. shiver: shake or tremble, esp. from cold or feare.g.---He was shivering after found cheating in the test and taken to the office.---Walking alone at night along the side street, I couldn’t help shivering at the thought of robbery.3. Downstairs, the doctor left …:The use of the word downstairs indicates that it was in the boy’s bedroom upsta irs that the father asked the doctor about the boy’s temperature, so that he was able to hear the doctor say it was 102. When the doctor and the father went downstairs, the boy remained in bed upstairs, so he didn’t hear it when the doctor told the father there was nothing to worry about if the fever didn’t go above 104 degrees.4. bring down: reduce; cause to falle.g.---He wants to bring down his weight from 80 kg to 70 kg, so now he is on a diet.---It has been decided that measurements should be taken to bring down the cost of the project. 5. The germs of influenza can exist in an acid condition:People used to think that flu was caused by germs or bacteria. It was not until 1933 that an influenza virus was identified as the cause of the disease. This is why the doctor in the story (published in 1933) “Who seemed to know all about influenza,” held the mistaken belief that “The germs of influenza can exist in an acid condition”6. Just the same, so far:Here the boy may mean “I am still alive up to now, thought I am going to die.”7. would rather: more willingly; prefer toe.g.---I would rather go today than tomorrow.---I would rather play tennis than swim.---They would rather die than surrender.8. prescribe: order to give sth. as medicine or treatment for a sick person.e.g.---What medicine did the doctor prescribe for your illness?---The doctor prescribed a new medicine for my stomachache.9. scatter: go off in all directionse.g.---The birds scattered into the brush piles at the sound of the gun.---The thieves scattered in all direction at the sight of the policemen.10. they made difficult shooting: they were very difficult to shoote.g.---His handwriting made difficult reading.---Ten times ten makes 100. equal---That event made the headline of all newspapers. occupy---Tom makes $250 a week. earn---This Shanghai-made car can easily make 70 miles an hour on an open highway. Travel---we can make another 100 kilometers before dark. walk11. You mustn’t get what I have:Y ou mustn’t catch the illness I have.This is what the boy had said before his father came back.12. something like: about; approximatelye.g.---Everyday we have something like six classes.---It is a terrible thing that we have to walk something like 500 meters to attend the following two periods.13. keep from: prevent oneself from doing sth. ; stope.g.---He couldn’t help laughing at the sight of his wife’s hair-style---What can we do to keep students from being late for classes?---What shall I do to keep my white skirt from getting dirty?14. absolutely: certainly; completelye.g.---Practice is absolutely vital to the master of a foreign language.---Everyone can absolutely understand Mr. Hemingway’s saying: “A man can be destroyed, but not de feated.”15. miles and kilometers:Kilometers are the measurement of length in the International Metric System while miles are the ones in the U.S. and British system. At the present time, the United States is the only Major country not using the metric system. A kilometer is about three fifths (62%) of a mile (1,609 meters). (1 km ≈0.621 m)16. General understanding of the text: the theme of the textHemingway thinks of courage as a person’s ability to be calm and controlled in the face of death.IV. StructureThe conjunction “before”Model:--- How long will it be before I die?--- It was necessary to jump on the ice-coated mounds of brush several times before they would flush.---It will be months before he is fit for work.Be of + n. == be + adj.e.g.—be of importance = be important---be of help = be helpfulV. Exercises:Cloze on page129, translation on page130, and skill (Increasing Word Power) VI. Exercises outside class:Preview this unitReview the next unit.Do all exercises in our books.Unit Seven The shelterTeaching aims:1.Expand and master vocabulary2.Acquire certain language points3.Improve learners' reading ability4.know of the idea and artistic skill of text5.The students must try to understand the humanity which showed by the people when they meetwith the danger.Teaching key and difficult points1.Key words & Expressions:abridge accommodate aggressive bet crazy definitely depart deserve design destroy identity laughter overtake plead remind pool scare shelter stuff urgent 2 Important structures: (1 hours)the reason why = for the reason thatthe minute thatTeaching methods: M-M-C; Heuristic; Presentation-practice; Multiple mediaTeaching time: 6 periodsTeaching procedures:I. Information related to the textabout dramaThe drama is one of several methods of telling a story. It differs from the novel in that the story is not told directly by the author but is acted on a stage by actors before an audience.Most critics agree that the essence of drama is conflict. A conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills. It may happen in different forms: man against man, man against environment or man against himself. The conflict becomes more and more intensified as the play moves on until it reaches its climax, the point of greatest excitement or tension. When the story is over, we are able to see what it all amounts to, what the playwright has been gradually disclosing throughout the play. Only then can we define and assess the theme, a kind of generalization about life embodied in the story.II. Warm-up activities1) The characters in the play(omitted)2) The theme of the play:----in most cases the selfishness of human beings, which is usually hidden underneath, is more dangerous to human society than nuclear missiles.3) The conflicts in the play:---the surface level: man vs. man (e.g.: Stockton vs. the others; Weiss vs. the Henderson; Harlowe vs. the others)---the deep level: man vs. himself (his own selfishness, for everyone in the play is selfish although in varying degrees.)4) It is very ironical that the people should suddenly turn against each other after a joyous birthday celebration, during which they were all friends. The dramatic change of the situation has greatly reinforced the meaning of the play.III. Detailed study of the text.1.break up: come to an ende.g.---The birthday party didn’t break up until 2 A.M.---When did the meeting break up yesterday afternoon?2.abridge: make shorter by using fewer words; cut shorter.e.g.---You can abridge your story by leaving out some unimportant details.---This is an abridged edition of “ War and Peace”.3.Portable: capable of being carried or moved; easily carried.e.g.---A portable radio, typewriter, tape recorder, television set, etc. is one that you can carry about with you.“Port” is a Latin root meaning “ to carry”, thus we have:porter: a person whose job is to carry trave lers’ bags at railway stations, airports, etc.import: bring (products)in from a foreign country for sale or use.Export: send (products) to other countries for sale or use.Transport: carry from one place to another.4.Yellow alert:the first alert given when enemy aircraft or enemy missiles are discovered approaching a military installation, city, coastline, etc.Blue alert: an alert following yellow alert, in which air attack seems probable.Red alert:the most urgent form of alert, signaling that an enemy attack is believed to be imminent.White alert: an all clear signal or directive indicating that the danger of air raid no longer exists.5.post: place where one is supposed to be when one is on dutye.g.---When the fire-alarm sounded, each man rushed to his post.---No one may leave his post without permission.6．Stuff: things; belongse.g.---He packed all his stuff at the back of the car.---As she failed to keep up rent payments, the old man was told to move her stuff out of the room.7. pool: put (money, resources, etc) together for the use of all who contributee.g.—The three of them pooled their savings and bought a used car.---If we pool our ideas, we may be able to produce a really good plan.8. All of us couldn’t fit in the re: not all of us could fit there even if we broke down the door.Note: It is not very common to use all as the subject of a negative verb(e.g. All Chinese people don’t like noodles). Instead of this, we more often use not all as the subject: Not all Chinese people like noodlesFit in: have or find enough spacee.g.—It’s a small car and only three of us can fit in.---Can you fit in one more desk in the room?9. make much/ a / some / any / the least difference.10. accommodate: have enough space fore.g.—This new-built hotel can accommodate 1,000 guests.---This minibus accommodates twelve people quite comfortably.11. plead : ask earnestly; bege.g.---When the rent was due, Tom plead with the landlady for more time.---After final test, many students plead with the teachers to let them pass.12. deserve: have the right of; be worthy of; be fit fore.g—His first novel deserved the high praise it received.---Those war criminals deserved to be severely punished.13. I bet :I’m suree.g.—I bet it will rain this afternoon.---I bet he will be late again.14. head for : go in the direction of; make fore.g.—When we saw them yesterday afternoon, they were heading for the swimming pool.---They set sail at dawn and headed straight for Ningbo.15. figure out: calculate, work out; understanding by thinkinge.g.—It took me hours to figure out the algebra problem.---He couldn’t figure out how it had happened.---Can you figure out the meaning of this phrasal verb from its context?16. find one’s way: move along by fighting or pushingpush one’s way:push people out of one’s way to get throughsimilar expressions: elbow/shoulder/force(sqweeze) one’s way17. mean business: be serious in one’s intentions.e.g—The woman could see by the gun in his hand that the robber meant business.--- Stop laughing! I mean business.18. get/ lay one’s hands on: get possession of; finde.g.—During his school days he read everything he could lay his hands on.---I put his letter somewhe re, but I can’t get my hands on it just now.19. remain: make sb. think of sth.; cause sb. to remembere.g.—These old pictures remained him of his childhood in the countryside.---Be sure to remained your roommates to shut the door when they leave.20. stay /remain off the streets : keep off the streetsRemain or stay at a distance from the streets; don’t come out into the streets.21. in the way of : in the matter of; as regards; concerning the matter ofe.g.—Ours is newly-built residential dist rict and there isn’t much around here in the way of entertainment.--- I’ m afraid I can’t do much in the way of helping you.22. give: bend, move, break or change shape (as a result of a force or pressure)e.g.—The branch gave under the weight of the heavy snow.--- My knees gave after a day’s walk.23. … the lights go on: the lights come into operationDuring a state of emergency the electricity supply is usually cut off and the lights are off.24. call off : cancele.g.—The football match was called off because of the rain.---The talks which were planned to begin on Saturday were called off at the last minute.25. blow one’s top : become very angry; become insanee.g.—Mary blew her top when she found her husband drunk again.---I t’s no secret that Mr. Smith often blows his top at home.---A prisoner blew his top and tried to kill one of the guards.26. hold sth. against sb. : allow sth. to affect one’s judgment of sb.e.g—It’s unfair to hold the boy’s bad behavior in the pas t against him.---Teachers shouldn’t hold students’ scores against them.IV. General understanding on the textEveryone has the side of one’s selfishness in his character though in varying degrees.V. Structures1)for the reason that…Model: The reason why they return to the Stockton house is that they want to survive.They return to the Stockton house for the reason that they want to survive.2)the minuteModel: Q: When do those people smash into the Stockton house?(gather, before it)A: They smash into the Stockton house the minute they gather before it.VI: ExercisesCloze on page 156, translations on page 157, and skill on recognizing Signal WordsVII: Exercises outside class.Preview this unitReview the next unitDo all exercises that were not discussed inside the class.Unit Eight Daydream a littleTeaching aims:1.Expand and master vocabulary2.Acquire certain language points3.Improve learners' reading ability4.know of the idea and artistic skill of text5.Ss should know they have to combine creative daydreaming with hard work and other methods of self-development ion order to attain their desired goals.Teaching key and difficult points:1 Key words and expressions:achievement affect appropriately attain benefit contribute escape goal neglect picture substitute .view shape recommend2 Important structures:(1-2 hours)1).imperative sentence (used in a special way in which it is similar to if-clause) + and sentence2).in much the same wayTeaching methods: M-M-C; Heuristic; Presentation-practice; Multiple mediaTeaching time: 6 periodsTeaching procedures:I. InformationIntroductory RemarksWe often hear parents scold their children for daydreaming. And we often hear teachers ask the question “John, Are you daydreaming?” with the implied criticism. People usually take a hostile attitude towards daydreaming because they think daydreaming is a waste of time and an escape from real life. Well, daydreaming can be a waste of time and an escape. But daydreaming can also do us a lot of good. In the text of unit 8, the author tells us some of the conclusions researchers have reached about daydreaming, conclusions that may be very surprising to most of us.Warm-up Questions1) What are the benefits of daydreaming according to the researchers?Consult page 165 of the textbook2) What is the procedure of creative daydreaming?Consult page 166 of the textbookII. Introduction of the textIII. Detailed study of the text1.amount to: develop intoe.g.—If you go on like this, you will never amount to anything.2. hostile: unfriendly; showing a great amount of dislikee.g.—Don’t be hostile to the students from comparatively poor family background.--You can’t blame your s on for being so hostile towards you after the way you treat him.3. view… as… : think of …as; regard… as…e.g.—Computers are viewed as a great technological improvement which saves people much time and energy.---She view his behavior as an insult.4. Attitude towards daydreaming are changing in the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed: Attitude towards daydreaming are changing in the same way in which attitudes towards night dreaming have changed:When used to introduce a rest rictive attributive clause, the relative pronoun “that” sometimes means a “prep. + which”e.g.—He doesn’t see things (in) the way that we see them.(that=in which)---Jim likes New York for the very reason that Tom dislike it.(that= for which)---I went to see him in the hotel (on) the day he arrived.(that= on which)5. interfere with: be an obstacle to; hinder; affecte.g.—American government always interfere with the internal affairs of other nations.---The noise from the playground interferes with our studies.6. try + -ing = make an experiment by doing sth.e.g.—Why don’t you try doing it some other way?Try + infinitive = make an effort; attempt to do sth. difficult.e.g.- I once tried to learn French, but without much progress.7. go beyond : exceed; surpasse.g.—The result of the test went beyond our expectations.--- On hearing our decision, his anger went beyond all reason.8. contribute to : help to bring aboute.g.—Your timely help contributed to our success.---Jo hn’s carelessness contributed to the traffic accident.9. But that’s only part of the story.:The word “story” can be used to refer to a situation or state of affairs in many phrases.e.g.—The outside of the house was beautifully decorated, and it is the same story inside.---He can speak English, but for him writing in it is quite another story.---What you said yesterday is only half of the story.10. due to : caused by; result frome.g.—The traffic accident was due to the driver’s carelessness---Her absence was due to his illness.11. “Hold a picture of yourself…, and you will…”“Picture yourself vividly…, and that alone will…”“Picture yourself as winning, and that will…”“Do not picture yourself…, and you will…”:In these four sentences, the imperative (followed by and…)is used in a special way in which it is similar to an if-clause: (Do exercise 13)12.drift : go along without knowing or caring where one is goinge.g.—Some people have a purpose in life, others just drift.13. go over: consider; examine; reviewe.g.—Let’s go over everything and find out where the trouble is.---Every night, he would go over all he did during the day in his mind.--- I went over the figure five times, but always came to the same total.14. Why not try?:Why not…? is a very useful colloquial expression to introduce a suggestion.e.g.—Why not borrow the book from the library, instead of buying it?---Why not call John to come and have dinner with us?15. go about: work on; do; start workinge.g.—It’s an easy job if you go about it the right way.---To learn English well in no easy matter. We must go about it earnestly.16.project: cause an image of sth. to be produced (on a surface)e.g.—A project is a machine that projects films or slides onto a screen or wall.* ---- The project cost us 100,000,000 Yuan.17. substitute: a person or thing acting in place of anothere.g.—Guesswork is no substitute for investigation.---There is no substitute for practical experience.18. be after: be in the pursuit of; seek; try to obtaine.g.—Many young men are after Mary because she is clever as well as pretty.---I know what you are after: a comfortable and well-paid job, but I must warn you that it will be a waste of time and energy.19 turn…into…: cause sb. or sth. to change into sb. or sth. differente.g.---He is trying to invent a device to turn the sun’s heat into electricity.---They have turned much barren land into fertile fields.20. who knows: perhaps; it could happenIII. General understanding of the text.To be successful, one should combine daydream with hard work.IV. Structure1) Rewrite the following sentences after the model:Model: If you picture yourself as winning, that will contribute immeasurably to success.Picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success.。