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初中英语语法系列-动词2


I go, you go, she goes. I have, you have, she has. I play, you play, she plays. I do, you do, she does. I sing, you sing, he sings. I read, you read, he reads. I swim, you swim, he swims. I say, you say, he says.
实义动词do的一般现在时
特别注意: 第三人称单数(he/she/it)+动词第三人称单 数现在式 1. Ann gets up at 8:00 every morning. 安每天早上8点起床。 2. She studies hard. 她学习努力。

Let’s Chant and Sing

系动词be


系动词不能单独作谓语,必须和名词或形容词 一起使用,作句子的谓语。be是最基本的系动 词。它解决主语“是什么”和“怎么样”的问 题。例如: I am a student.(是什么)
我是一个学生。

The man is very tall and strong.(怎么样)
那男人又高又壮。
Be的肯定否定及疑问的变化

You (They We) are teachers. He (She) is a teacher. I am a teacher.

You (They We) are not teachers. He (She) is not a teacher. I am not a teacher.

5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen
Be的人称变化
You
(They We) are teachers. He (She) is a teacher. I am a teacher.
总结:我用am,你用are, is用于他、她、它。
基本句型2

主语+谓语+宾语+状语(表示动作) 1 主语 2谓语 3 宾语
词序
即句子的主体 是句子中的必不 动作、行为的对象, 可少的成分,说 是动作的承受者 明主语的动作 词性 名词;代词 实意动词Do 名词;代词;不定式 或相当于名词的词、 短语
系动词be的一般现在时



第一人称单数( I )+am I am a doctor. I am hungry. 第三人称单数(He/she/it )+is She is a kind teacher. It is cloudy today. 第二人称/各人称复数(You/we/they) +are You are a handsome boy. They are busy with their homework everyday.

实义动词的肯定否定及疑问的变化

I stay at home on Saturdays. They have sports every day. He stays at home on Saturdays. Lucy has sports every day. I don’t stay at home on Saturdays. They don’t have sports every day. He doesn’t stay at home on Saturdays. Lucy doesn’t have sports every day. Do you stay at home on Saturdays? Do they have sports every day? Does he stay at home on Saturdays? Does Lucy have sports every day?
一般现在时(the Simple Present Tense)
1.表示现在的状态:
e.g. He’s twelve. She’s at work. 2.表经常或习惯性的动作: e.g. I get up at 6:30 every day. He reads English every morning. 3.表主语具备的性格和能力等: e.g. She likes noodles. They speak French. 4.普遍真理和自然规律: e.g. Two plus four is six. The moon goes around the earth.
看见句子就问三个问题: 1.要用哪类动词做谓语?(主语干什么则考
虑实义动词do,主语怎么样了或者说是什 么就用系动词be) 2. 这个动作是谁发出的?人称是单数还是 复数? 3.这个动作啥时候发生的,用什么时态?
三个问题帮助大家查缺补漏。希望大家能够养成习惯, 形成条件反射
英语的句子时态

汉语里没有时态的说法,但英语 中每个句子都会用一种时态,而且 时态是通过谓语动词(Be动词或实 意动词do)的变化体现的,能注意 到并掌握好这点是学好英语的基础。
Exercises:判断以下句子谓语用哪类动词

那是我们的学校。 be(is) be(is) 她的红领巾很干净。 be(is) 我妈妈现在在家。 我喜欢画画。 do (like) do 他每天放学后和朋友踢足球。 (plays) 我们互相帮助。 do (help)
英语句子三部曲

2. Peter’s shoes under the bed.
are

3. Where is the rain come from?
does

4. My father like drinking. He drank some tea last night. likes
练习2:选择正确的选项
.1
Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.

实义动词do

实义动词也叫行为动词,能独立作谓语。它解决主语 “做什么”的问题。
例如:throw投掷
dance 跳舞 live生活
它们都能独立作谓语。
walk 行走 sing唱歌 study学习
Let’s Study these Sentences
1. Elephants have long noses. 主语 谓语 宾语(名词性短语) 2.I love you. 主 谓 宾语(代词) 3.The lion opened its huge mouth and 主语 谓语 宾语(名词性短语) roared. 谓语 4.Judy found a Christmas gift in the stocking. 主语 谓语 宾语(名词短语) 状语
基本句型2
状语的位置 1.孩子们玩游戏。 The children played games. 2.孩子们安静地玩游戏。 The children played games quietly. 3.孩子们在他们的房间里安静地玩游戏。 The children played games quietly in their room. 4.孩子们今天早上在他们的房间里安静地玩游戏。 The children played games quietly in their room this morning. 中文习惯于先交代时间和地点,但英语中状语往往放在主 谓结构后面,次序为:how, where ,when.
导言
本课的重点是掌握英语的两 种基本句型,要注意词性和词序, 同时注意中英文表达上相同和不 同的地方。掌握好这两种基本句 型,会在今后的学习中有一通百 通之效。
We are plant the trees in spring. 我们是在春天植树。
错误如下:
be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
解析:
学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译, 这是学习英语最忌讳的,在英语中,be是 表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时 出现在句子中,否则语法就不正确了。



1.这个人是一个老师。 This man is a teacher. 主语 系 表语(名词) 2.他很忙。 He is busy. 主 系 表语(形容词) 3.她在教室里。 She is in the classroom. 主语 系 表语(介词短语)
注:中文中有些句子的谓语部分是没有动词的,但英文中每个句子都得有动词。 否则就会犯语法错误。
About Sentences

句子构成:主语部分+谓语部分
英文与中文相同,常用的句子都包括两部 分: 一部分是句子里说的“谁”或“什么” (主语部分); 另一部分是句子里说的“是什 么”“怎么样”或“做什么”(谓语部 分)。

Let’s Study these sentences




李华关上门。 Li Hua closed the door. 那幅画非常漂亮。 That picture is very beautiful. 他是一名英语老师。 He is an English teacher. 我的宠物狗在花园里。 My pet dog is in the garden.
A work works B works work C work are working D is working work

2 One of the boys_____ a black hat. A have B there is C there are D has

3 We will go shopping if it____
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