词类（一）—名词名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。

一、名词的数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧),,(也可以有复数形式但在某些具情况下通常只有单数形式不可数名词复数名词单数名词可数名词 ▲ 可数名词复数形式的构成1．规则变化：1）直接在词尾 + s,读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和 元音后读[z]。

如ball —balls; bed--_____; cat--____2）以s, sh, ch, x 结尾，+ e s,读音：[iz]。

如address —addresses, march--_________, watch--______ bus--_________, box--________, class--_______, brush--__________3）以o 结尾 + es ,读音：[z],只有4个，tomato--_____;potato--______; negro 黑人--_______; hero--__ 其余以o 结尾的均 + s 即可。

如radio--radios; photo--photos , piano--_______（特殊：zero ——zeros / zeroes ）4) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾，去y 为i + es 。

如body —bodies, factory--_______, family--__________, country--__________, centry--___________, strawberry--_________; story--_______(monkey--__________; holiday--___________)5）以fe / f 结尾，去fe / f 为v + es,读音：[z]。

如knife ——knives, wife--________; leaf--________;wolf--______; thief--_______; half--_________; life--__________（roof —roofs,chef —chefs; chief —chiefs, scarf —scarfs, hankerchief —hankerchiefs, belief —beliefs ）2．特殊变化：6)改变单数名词中的元音字母。

如man —men; woman —women; foot —feet; goose(天鹅)—geese; tooth —teeth;policeman —policemen; mouse —mice; grow-up(成人)—grow-ups7）单复数同形。

如sheep; Chinese; dear; fish8）只变化词尾。

如child ——children; ox —oxen9）只有复数形式。

如glasses; trousers; clothes△ 名词是否可数，在英语与汉语中或有不同，如“smile (微笑)”，英语是可数的，而汉语是不可数的。

因此，判断一个名词是否可数，不能按我们的习惯，最可靠的办法是查字典。

△ 有些集体名词可作单数，也可做复数。

作单数时指整体，作复数时指个体。

常考有family, class, team,group, army （军队）等。

e.g. My family is going to move. 我家要搬了。

(指整体)My family are watching TV now. 我的家人正在看电视。

（指成员）△ a 或an 不可与不可数名词连用，在表示数量时，经常使用of 词组。

e.g. a pair of glasses, two cups of tea ；a piece of news; a piece of bread△ 有些名词虽以s 结尾，但在意义上是单数，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

e.g. maths, news, physics （物理学科）△ 一些集体名词，单数形式具有复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

e.g. people, police△ 合成名词：合成名词用作定语，常见有两种形式：① 数词-名词：a two-month holiday （一个两个月长的假期）；② 数词-名词-形容词：a two-meter-long ruler （一把2米长的尺子）。

二、名词的所有格（’s ）定义：表示名词与名词之间的所有关系的形式。

构成：1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。

其构成多在词尾加上“’s”。

如：Tom’s bike, Marx’s works以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。

如：students’ homework；a workers’ night school 一所工人夜校，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“’s”。

如：men’s cloth es男士衣服2）如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。

如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间T om’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间3) 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop, house等名词。

如：the tailor’s 裁缝店，the barber’s理发店，go to the doctor’s上诊所，at my uncle s在我叔叔家4) 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示所有格。

如：today’s newspaper,half an hour’s rest,two weeks’ work, ten minutes′walk, China’spopulation, Shanghai’s industry（工业）5)表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系。

如：the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 2，a map of China6)双重所有格：表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词，常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属关系。

例如：He is an old friend of my father’s.This is a picture of Mary’s. a friend of mine/ theirs/ hers7) 可用’s或of短语表示的名词所有格the boy’s name = the name of the boythe dog’s leg = the legs of the dogChina’s population = the population of ChinaChina’s capital = the capital of China三、名词作定语1）多数名词用单数形式作定语，不随数量的改变而改变。

如：an apple tree; two apple trees2）sport作定语时，必须用复数形式。

如：a pair of sports shoes; a sports car; a sports meeting3）man, woman作定语时，单复数随数量的改变而改变。

如：a man worker; two men workerse.g. (选择) 1). ---How many _____ are there in your class? ---There is only one ______.A. women teachers; women teacherB. women teachers; woman teacherC. woman teachers; woman teacherD. woman teacher; woman teacher2). I need to buy a ______ shoes.A. sportsB. pair of sportC. pair of sportsD. sport3). Can you draw some ______ for me?A. banana treeB. banana treesC. bananas treeD. bananas trees四、名词表示种类有三种方式：1）a / an + 单数名词2）the + 单数名词3）复数名词e.g. (翻译) 猪是一种有用的动物。

1) __A pig is a useful animal.________2) __The pig is a useful animal.______3) __Pigs are useful animals.________名词用法的一个注意点:主谓一致1、当class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时, 就用复数。

e.g Tom’s family ___ rather big. Tom’s family ____film fans.2. news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。

e.g The news makes her very happy.3. chopsticks, shoes, glasses, trousers, shorts, pants, stocks,等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。

但用pair(s) of短语时，要和pair保持一致。

e.g The shorts _____ hers. This pair of shorts ___ hers. The two pairs of shorts ___ hers, too.4.表示时间、距离、金额、度量、书名、国名等的数名词，看作整体，动词用单数e.g Ten dollars _____ too much to pay. Five minutes _____ enough to do this.一．各地中考真题( ) 1. ---I hear you have to get up early every morning.---Right. It’s one of the ______ in my family.A. plansB. ordersC. rulesD. suggestions( ) 2. Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in ______________A. two days’ timeB. two-- days timeC.two day’s timeD. two days time ( ) 3. It is five years since we began to enjoy a ______ spring holiday each year.A. ten-dayB. ten dayC. ten day’sD. ten-days( ) 4. ---Two ______ died in the accident. ---______ terrible it is!A. policemen; HowB. policeman; WhatC. police; WhatD. policemans; How( ) 5. How wonderful ！The ________ is made of _________A. house; glsaaesB. house; glsaaC. houses; glassD.houses; glasses( ) 6. The news ______ very interesting! Tell me more!A. isB. areC. wereD. was( ) 7. ---How far is your cousin’s home from here? ---It’s about two ______ drive.A. hour’sB. hoursC. hours’D. hour( ) 8. Mary’s skirt is the same as her ______.A. sistersB. bortherC. sister’sD. brothers( ) 9. ---Where did you go on ______ Day? ---Nowhere. I just studied at home.A. ChildB. ChildrenC. Children’sD. Childrens’( ) 10. _______ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ______ teachers.A. A number of; womenB. A number of; womanC. The number of; womenD. The number of; woman( )11.Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of______A. knowledgeB. energyC. changeD. courage( )12. When I hurriedly got to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were no ________ left on that plane.A. placesB. seatsC. spaceD. room二．词义相近辨析或句意选词1.As young adults, it is our_____ to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teacher.A. workB. jobC. dutyD. task2.It' s your__________as a teacher to protect your students.A. dutyB. hobbyC. habitD. manner3.Today, we have many other ________ to pay besides coins or paper money.A. excusesB. waysC. chancesD. plans4.— Excuse me. may I know your_______?— Sure. It's No. 3. Bridge Street.A. houseB. addressC. wayD. place5.The music made me think of the ________ of a running stream.A. shoutB. noiseC. voiceD. sound6.We have only one Earth. It's our common _.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room7.—I have ____in learning English and I’m so worried. Could you help me with it?—Sure, I’d love to.A. joyB. interestC. troubleD. fun8.─Mrs. Zhang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.─She said she would never forget some pleasant ______while working there.A. experimentsB. expressionsC. experiencesD. emotions9.—Do you know the of the Confucius Institutes（学院）around the world? —More than three hundred, I guess.A. listB. nameC. numberD. country10.—Why didn’t Sally play the violin at the concert last night?—She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a(n) ___. I saw her play tennis just now.A. matterB. excuseC. resultD. expression11.— I'm afraid I will get lost in Sydney. It's my first time to be here, you see.— Don't worry. Here is a____. It will help.newspaper B. watch C. map D. camera12.—Oh, dear! There isn't, enough___________for us in the lift.—No hurry. Let's wait for the next.A. floorB. scatC. roomD. ground三．可数名词的单复数与不可数名词的量1. Could you please give some _____ to the _____ teachers?A．advice; man B．advices; menC．suggestion; man D．suggestions; men2. I think computers are very useful. They can help us get much___on the Internet.A. gameB. informationC. ideaD. message3. Several years ago, people knew Yao Ming. But now he iswell-known all over the world, not only in ChinaA. fewB. littleC. manyD. most4.—I feel very thirsty and hungry after a long walk.—Would you like some a nd _____?A.apple juice; sandwichesB. apples juice; sandwichesC. apple juice; sandwiches四．名词所有格1.It’s from our school to my home.A. ten minutes’ walkB. ten minute’s walkC. ten minutes walk2.Can you imagine what life will be like in ______ time?A. 50 years’B. 50 year’sC. 50-years’D. 50-years3..The theme park is about ________ ride from the museum. You shouldstart out right now.A. two hourB. two hour’sC. two hours’D. two hours4.The action film has attracted millions of young people to the cinema.A. 130-minuteB. 130-minutesC. 130 minuteD.130 minutes。