LESSON 1Contract law 合同法□□□□□□Property law财产法□□□□□□Trust law信托法□□□□□□Tort law侵权法□□□□□□Constitutional law宪法□□□□□□Criminal law刑法□□□□□□Administrative law行政法□□□□□□International law国际法□□□□□□Financial derivative market金融衍生产品市场□□□□□□Personal property动产□□□□□□Real property不动产□□□□□□Security担保（复数形式证券）□□□□□□Precedent先例□□□□□□Substantive law实体法□□□□□□Procedural law程序法□□□□□□Public law公法□□□□□□Private law私法□□□□□□Criminal law刑法□□□□□□Civil law民法，大陆法□□□□□□Common law普通法□□□□□□Self defense自我防卫□□□□□□Duress强迫□□□□□□Stare decisis遵循先例□□□□□□Jurisdiction司法管辖权/法域□□□□□□The Exchequer财政诉讼法院□□□□□□The King`s bench王座法院□□□□□□Common pleas普通诉讼法院□□□□□□Manorial courts领地法院□□□□□□Baronial courts男爵法院□□□□□□Admiral`s(maritime) courts海事法院□□□□□□Guild同业行会，行会□□□□□□Forest courts王室猎场法院□□□□□□Writ书面命令，令状□□□□□□Law report判例汇编□□□□□□Findings of law对适用法律的裁决□□□□□□Determinations of fact对事实的决定□□□□□□Canon law教会法□□□□□□Natural law自然法□□□□□□Positivism实证主义□□□□□□Codification法典化□□□□□□The Core of Hammurabi汉谟拉比法典□□□□□□LESSON 3Federalism联邦制□□□□□□Trial court初审法院□□□□□□Good behavior廉洁行为□□□□□□Municipal court市镇法院，市法院□□□□□□Misdemeanor轻罪□□□□□□Ordinance条例□□□□□□County court县法院□□□□□□Constitutional court宪法设立的法院□□□□□□Legislative court立法机关设立的法院□□□□□□U.S. district court美国联邦地区法院□□□□□□U.S. court of appeal美国联邦上诉法院□□□□□□U.S. supreme court美国联邦最高法院□□□□□□Courts of limited jurisdiction有限管辖权法院□□□□□□Courts of general jurisdiction一般管辖权法院□□□□□□Appellate courts上诉法院□□□□□□LESSON 4Ultra vires 越权□□□□□□Constitutionality合宪性□□□□□□Privy Council枢密院□□□□□□Referendum公民复决□□□□□□Unitary state单一制国家□□□□□□The Charter of Fundamental Right of the European Union 欧盟基本权利宪章The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 世界人权宣言Ratified经批准的，经认可的□□□□□□Sheriff郡长□□□□□□Warrant手令，授权状□□□□□□Trespass侵害之诉□□□□□□Codified constitution法典化的宪法□□□□□□Uncodified constitution 非法典化的宪法□□□□□□Intergovernmental body政府间的机构□□□□□□Bicameral两院制的□□□□□□LESSON 5Capital punish 死刑□□□□□□Corporal punishment肉刑，身体刑□□□□□□Caning鞭笞□□□□□□Incarcerate监禁□□□□□□Koran《古兰经》□□□□□□Duty of care注意义务□□□□□□Recklessness放任□□□□□□Wrongfulness不正当性□□□□□□Murder谋杀□□□□□□Manslaughter非预谋杀人罪□□□□□□Causation因果关系□□□□□□Beyond a reasonable doubt排除合理怀疑□□□□□□Strict liability严格责任□□□□□□Actus reus犯罪行为Mens rea犯罪意图LESSON 6Civil case民事案件□□□□□□Criminal trial刑事案件□□□□□□Confrontation clause对质条款□□□□□□Secret trial秘密审判□□□□□□Written statements书面陈述□□□□□□Public trial公开审判□□□□□□Sexual assaults性侵犯□□□□□□Cross-examine交叉询问□□□□□□Indigent defendant赤贫被告人□□□□□□Arraignment传讯□□□□□□Bail保释□□□□□□LESSON 7Specific performance实际履行□□□□□□Injunction禁令，禁制令□□□□□□Detriment损失，损害□□□□□□Bargain交易条件，协议□□□□□□Peppercorn rule胡椒子规则□□□□□□Consideration对价□□□□□□Guardian监护人□□□□□□Preexisting duty rule即有义务原则□□□□□□Mutual assent合意□□□□□□Offer要约□□□□□□Acceptance承诺□□□□□□Contract implied in fact事实默示合同□□□□□□Contract implied in law法律默示合同□□□□□□Promissor允诺人□□□□□□Promisee受诺人□□□□□□Past consideration过去的对价□□□□□□Express contract明示合同□□□□□□Lmplied contract默示合同□□□□□□Bilateral contract双务合同□□□□□□Unilateral contract单务合同□□□□□□Executory contract待履行的合同□□□□□□Executed contract已履行的合同□□□□□□Void contract无效合同□□□□□□Voidable contract可撤销合同□□□□□□Unenforceable contract不可强制履行的合同□□□□□□LESSON 8Tort侵权行为□□□□□□Wrong不法行为□□□□□□Tortfeasor侵权行为人，不法行为人□□□□□□False imprisonment非法监禁□□□□□□Defamation污蔑，诽谤，中伤□□□□□□Reasonable care合理的注意□□□□□□Recovery赔偿额，赔偿金□□□□□□Cause of action诉因□□□□□□Warranty担保，保证□□□□□□Proximate cause近因□□□□□□Strict liability严格责任□□□□□□Trespass侵犯，侵害之诉□□□□□□Detain扣留，抵押□□□□□□Libel书面诽谤□□□□□□Slander口头诽谤□□□□□□Contractual duty合同义务□□□□□□Monetary compensation金钱赔偿□□□□□□Privacy隐私□□□□□□Constitutional rights 宪法性权利□□□□□□Quasi-tort准侵权□□□□□□Negligence过失侵权，过失□□□□□□Intentional torts故意侵权□□□□□□LESSON 9Creditor债权人□□□□□□Stakeholder利益相关者□□□□□□Firm企业□□□□□□Partnership合伙，合伙企业□□□□□□Trust信托□□□□□□Pension fund养老基金，退休基金□□□□□□Corporation limited by shares股份有限公司□□□□□□Company limited by guarantee担保有限责任公司□□□□□□Close corporation封闭公司□□□□□□Public corporation公众公司□□□□□□Professional corporation专业公司□□□□□□Non-for-profit corporation非营利性公司□□□□□□Insolvent无力偿还者□□□□□□Insurance policy保单，保险单□□□□□□Policy-holder保单持有者□□□□□□Beneficiary受益人□□□□□□Insurable interest可保利益□□□□□□Subsidiary子公司□□□□□□Pierce the corporate veil揭开公司面纱□□□□□□Bankruptcy破产□□□□□□Dividends股息，红利，股利□□□□□□Authorized share capital授权资本□□□□□□Memorandum of association公司组织大纲□□□□□□Articles of incorporation公司设立章程□□□□□□By-laws内部管理细则□□□□□□LESSON 10Custom习惯，惯例□□□□□□Bilateral treaty双边条约□□□□□□Multilateral treaty多边条约□□□□□□Customary law习惯法□□□□□□International customary law国际习惯法□□□□□□Law merchant(lex mercatoria)商人法，商法□□□□□□Codification法典，法典化□□□□□□Ratify批准□□□□□□Legislative立法的□□□□□□Reservation(条约的)保留□□□□□□Accede加入的□□□□□□Contracting state缔约国□□□□□□Delivery交付□□□□□□High seas公海□□□□□□。