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简单句句子结构

简单句的基本句型
简单句是英语中的基本句子,了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。

这六种基本句型是:
1.主语+谓语结构:常用来表示主语的动作。

常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。

如:They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。

2.主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构)
本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成,主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。

此句型中常见的系动词:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。

(1)主语+系动词+形容词(作表语)
如:It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好。

(2)主语+系动词+名词(作表语)
如:He is a student. 他是个学生。

(3)主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语)
如:He is near. 他在附近。

3. 主语+谓语+宾语(主谓宾结构)
此结构其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。

(1)主语+及物动词+名词或代词(作宾语)
如:May I use your computer ? 我能用一下你的电脑吗?
(2)主语+及物动词+动名词(作宾语)。

此类及物动词(短语)有:advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, give up,等。

如:You shouldn’t giv e up studying. 你不该放弃学习。

(3)主语+及物动词+不定式(作宾语)。

此类及物动词有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。

如:I hope to go to the movies. 我希望去看电影。

(4)既可接动名词又可接不定式的及物动词。

如:remember to do sth.记住要做某事/remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事;
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事/stop doing sth.停止做某事;
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth.忘了做过某事;
try to do sth. 尽力做某事/try doing sth.尝试着做某事等。

如:Did you remember to feed the birds? 你记着喂鸟了吗?
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓+双宾语结构)
此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词:
(1)用to变换间接宾语的动词:give, hand, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。

如:Could you give me the letter?或Could you give the letter to me? 你能把那封信递给我吗?
(2)用for变换间接宾语的动词:make, buy, cook, order, sing , fetch等。

如:Can you get me some stamps?或Can you get some stamps for me? 你能帮我拿些邮票吗?
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓+宾宾补结构)
此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。

可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。

此句型中常见的接宾语补足语的及物动词:
(1)接名词作宾补的动词:find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。

如:They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那婴儿Dick。

(2)接形容词作宾补的动词:keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等。

如:She will make him happy. 她将使他幸福。

(3)接分词、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词:see, notice, hear, watch, observe等。

如:He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等。

(4)接副词、介词短语等作宾补的动词有leave, put等。

如:The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这小偷关进了监狱。

6. There be 结构
用来表示“在某处有某物/人”,是一种客观上的存在关系。

如:There is a dog in the park. 公园里有一只狗。

练一练:
1. Can you lend me your math book? _________________________
2. He bought a bottle of water for me. ___________________
3. She always looks happy. _________________________
4. I saw a cat lying under the tree. ____________________
5. I need your advice. ___________________
6. The rain stopped. _____________________
7. I feel more relaxed. __________________
8. Mr. Lee will give us a speech next week. __________________________
9. There are so many books in her study. ____________________
10. I miss you very much. ______________________
11. My mother lets me drink milk every day. __________________________
12. Li Hong failed the English exam. _________________________
13. Lu Han is a famous singer. ___________________
14. There are four main roles in Beijing Opera. ____________________
15. We must keep the classroom clean. _________________________。

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