University.
In 1953 : further work During the year of 1955 : obtained a position at MIT, taught for 19 years Between 1965 and1973 : against the Vietnamese policy of the US
Surface structure
and
deep structure
• Surface structure: syntactic structure • Deep structure: more abstract and complicated • eg, John is eager to please. John is easy to please . Structurally similar sentences might vary in the meaning, for they have quite different deep structures
Noam Chomsky
Developed by -----
陈娇 陈竞 董琴 黄莉萍 黄昕 李丹 李东蔚 李雪 李 娅茜 李应琴 李玉 李芝 廖鑫 罗津 莫雨婷 庞婷 任 婵 佘思雅 Class12
American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, and activist
Transformational-generative Linguistics
“Language Acquisition Device” (LAD)
Transformational generative linguistics
• LAD
• Surface structure and Deep structure
• The inadequacy of structuralism
• Fail to explain some common linguistics facts and phenomena. eg. why children acquire their first language in a few years?
Born：Dec.7.1928 ：
in Philadelphia
His father: William Chomsky, an emigrant from Russia His wife: Carol Schatz
Between 1940 and1945 :acquainted with the workings of the
socialist- anarchist
Between 1945 and1950 : a student at the University of Pennsylvania and
began his study of linguistics proofread developed
In 1951 :accepted nomination by Goodman as a Junior Fellow to Harvard
LAD
• It is made up of a set of general principles called universal grammar • This can be adopted to all the languages in the world • Manage to be accounted for the facts which structuralism can’t explain
Government
the father of modern linguistics
impressive
A revolution in the linguistics
Chomsky studied in the structuralism atmosphere while he was not satisfied with the theory of structuralism
• e.g.
He is crying. He saw Mary with the microphone. With the microphone, he saw Mary. Flying planes is very dangerous. It is dangerous to fly planes. Planes that are flying is dangerous.
universal grammar
• • • • • definition run fast 跑得快 e.g. a red apple 红苹果 be innate to make up LAD LAD + outside language input = the ability of language learning
Competence and Performance • Competence refers to a to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences
• Performance refers to the specific
Deep structure vs Surface structure
• meaning • a sentence
surface structure one deep structure one surface structure two
surface structure one deep structure two surface structure two
utterances