Assonance
Rhyming of vowels in a line
How sad and bad and mad it was – But then, how it was sweet!
About Metre (Rhythm)
Six basic metrical feet: iamb x / trochee / x anapest x x / dactyle / x x spondee / / pyrrhic x x
My Heart's In The Highlands
Robert Burns （1759 -1796）
My heart's in the Highlands, my heart is not here, My heart's in the Highlands a-chasing the deer – A-chasing the wild deer, and following the roe; My heart's in the Highlands, wherever I go.
Exposure
Wilfred Owen (1893 -1918)
关于一战，我们了解多少？
Our brains ache, in the merciless iced east winds that knive us... Wearied we keep awake because the night is silent... Low, drooping flares confuse our memory of the salient... Worried by silence, sentries whisper, curious, nervous, But nothing happens.
I must down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied; And all I ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying, And the flung spray and the blown spume, and the seagulls crying.
My heart‘s in the Highlands, my heart is not here, My heart’s in the Highlands a-chasing the deer Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe; My heart‘s in the Highlands, wherever I go.
I must down to the seas again to the vagrant gypsy life. To the gull's way and the whale's way where the wind's like a whetted knife; And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover, And quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick's over.
I breathed a song into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For who has sight so keen and strong, That it can follow the flight of song?
Long, long afterward, in an oak I found the arrow, still unbroke; And the song, from begining to end, I found again in the heart of a friend.
About Rhymes
End rhymes: masculine, feminine, consonance, pararhyme Internal rhymes: alliteration, assonance
Masculine rhyme
Also called full rhyme: rhyming one stressed syllable Thy voice is on the rolling air; I hear thee where the waters run; Thou standest in the rising sun And in the setting thou art fair.
Internal rhymes
• Alliteration 头韵 • Assonance 元音韵
SEA-FEVER
John Masefield (1878-1967)
I must down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky, And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by, And the wheel's kick and the wind's song and the white sail's shaking, And a grey mist on the sea's face and a grey dawn breaking.
Pyrrhic / Pyrrhic
x / x x / x the top / of the / morning
Eight kinds of metrical patterns
monometer:
Thus I Pass by And die As one, Unknown And gone. Robert Herrick’s “Upon his Departure Hence”
I shot an arrow into the air
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1807-1882
I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight.
Dimeter
Most good, most fair, Or things as rare, To call you’s lost; For all the cost Words can bestow So poorly show, …
Dactyle / Dactylic
/ x x / x x / x x / x Just for a / handful of / silver he / left us / x x / x x / x x / Just for a / riband to / stick to his / coat – / x x / x x / x x / x Found the one / gift of which / fortune be/reft us, / x x / x x / x x / Lost all the / others she / lets us de/vote.
Anapest / Anapestic
x x / x / x x / x x / Not a drum / was heard /, not a fu/neral note, x x / x x / x x / x As his corpse / to the ram/part we hur/ried;
Farewell to the Highlands, farewell to the North The birth place of Valour, the country of Worth; Wherever I wander, wherever I rove, The hills of the Highlands for ever I love.
Farewell to the mountains high cover'd with snow; Farewell to the straths and green valleys below; Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods; Farwell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods.
Iamb / Iambic
x / x / x / x / If all /the world/ and love/ were young, x / x / x / x / And truth/ in ev/’ry she/pherd’s tongue.
Trochee / Trochaic
/ x / x / x / Swinging / slow with / sullen / roar
Sound and metre in poetry
What is rhyme? What is metre (rhythm)?
Mrs. White Had a fright In the middle of the night Saw a ghost Eating toast Half way up a lamppost More children’s songs at /~srcpc/songs/ /ec/ParentingIdeas/So ngbook.pdf
Spondee / Spondaic