动词一、五种基本形式：英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式，原形、现在式（用于第三人称单数）、过去式（用于过去时态）、过去分词（用于各种完成时态）和现在分词（用于各种进行时态）。
1、第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数构成规则例词一般情况下在动词后直接加-s 构成eat-eats, read-reads, play-plays等以 e 结尾的直接加 -s write-writes, come-comes, close-closes等以 s,x,z,sh,ch以及字母 o 结尾的动词，Watch-watches, go-es, finish-finishes等后加 -es以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应将y 改study-studies, fly-flies 等为 i 再加 -es2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法原形过去式和过去分词现在分词构成规则例词构成规则例词构成规则例词一般情况turn加-ed turned加 -ing turning以 -e 结尾的move,love只加 -d moved,去掉 e 再加moving,loved-ing loving 以辅音字母try,study应将 y 改为tried直接加 -ing trying,加 y 结尾的i 再加 -ed studied studying以元音字母stay,play直接加 -ed stayed直接加 -ing staying,加 y 结尾的played playing以重读闭音stop,plan双写末尾的stopped双写末尾的stopping,节结尾且末辅音字母再planned辅音字母再planning尾只有一个加-ed加 -ing辅音字母以 r 音节结Prefer,refer双写末尾的preferred双写末尾的preferring,尾的r 再加 -ed referred r 再加 -ing referring以 ie 结尾的lie,die加-d lied,died将 ie 变加lying, dying-ing二、动词时态定义：时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。
四类：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。
每一类时态都对应四种时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来。
常用 8 种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时。
1、一般现在时常见频度副词有： always（总是，一直） ,often, usually, never, sometimes等地球围绕着太阳转： The earth moves around the sun表.客观存在的真理或科学事实。
公交车来了： Here comes the bus以. here, there 等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
2、一般过去时有确定的时间状语，如：yesterday, two days ago, last+年/ 月/ 星期 ,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday（前天）， this morning/afternoon, at the age of+ 过去年龄段， when 引导的状语从句（过去）， at+过去时间点， in+过去的年份等。
3、一般将来时常用时间副词： tomorrow, soon，(today, tonight)时间状语短语： next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future 等。
构成： will/shall+ 动词原形， be going to+动词原形，表示打算和预测。
特殊情形：be to+ 动词原形，表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。
如： She is to practice the piano tomorrow.她明天将练习钢琴。
用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。
用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。
be about to+动词原形，表示即将要发生的事。
4、现在进行时常与 look, listen, now 连用5、过去进行时the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 等标志性词语，主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。
6、现在完成时：常见时间状语： always, yet, just, ever, before，these days, recently, in the past/few 时间段， since+时间点， for+时间段等。
构成： have/has+动词的过去分词7、过去完成时8、过去将来时Would+动词原形常用不规则动词表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义broadcast broadcast broadcast~广播 .播放 .播送burst burst burst~爆炸 .突然发作cost cost cost~花费cut cut cut cutting割，切hurt hurt hurt~受伤hit hit hit hitting打，撞let let let letting让put put put putting放下read read read~读rid rid/ridded rid/ridded ridding使摆脱 .使去掉set set set setting安排，安置spread spread spread~展开，传播，涂spit spit/spat spit/spat spitting吐痰 ,shut shut shut shutting关上 .停止营业2.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义beat beat beaten~打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义become became become becoming变come came come coming来run ran run running跑overcome overcame overcome overcoming 克服 .战胜 .征服4.ABB（1 ）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t 或 ed 构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词burn burnt/burned burnt/burned~deal dealt dealt~dream reamed/dreamdreamed/dreamt~ thear heard heard~ hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung~ learn learned/learnt learned/learnt~light lit/lighted lit/lighted~ mean meant meant~ prove proved proven/proved provingshine shone/shinedshone/shineshining dshow showed showed/shown~ smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt~speedsped/speedesped/speeded~ dspell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt~ wake waked/woke waked/woken waking 词义燃烧解决 .处理 .分配做梦听见 .听说绞死，悬挂学习点燃 , 照亮意思 .意味 .用意证明 , 证实 ,试验使照耀，使发光展示 , 给... 看闻, 嗅加速拼写醒来，叫醒 , 激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d改”为“t ”构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义build built built~建筑bend bent bent~弯曲 .屈服lend lent lent~借给rebuild rebuilt rebuilt~改建 , 重建send sent sent~送spend spent spent~花费（3）原形→ought→ought动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义bring brought brought~带来buy bought bought~买fight fought fought~打架 .战斗think thought thought~思考 ,想seek sought sought~寻找 .追求 .搜索（4）原形→aught→aught动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义catch caught caught~捉 ,抓teach taught taught~教 .教授（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义awake awoke awoke/awoked awaking唤醒 .唤起dig dug dug digging 挖掘 .钻研 .搜集feed fed fed~喂养 .饲养flee fled fled~逃避 .逃跑 .消失find found found~发现，找到get got got/gotten getting得到hold held held~拥有 .握住lead led led~引导 ,领导meet met met~遇见sit sat sat~坐shoot shot shot~射击spit spit/spat spit/spat spitting吐痰 , stick stuck stuck~刺入 ,粘住strike struck/stricken struck striking 撞击 .冲击 .罢工win won won winning赢 .获胜（6）原形→□ lt/pt/ft→□ lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义feel felt felt~感到keep kept kept~保持leave left left leaving离开sleep slept slept~睡觉sweep swept swept~扫weep wept wept~哭泣 .流泪 .哀悼（7）其它动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义lay laid laid~下蛋 , 放置pay paid paid~付款say said said~说 .讲.表示stand stood stood~站understanunderstood understood~明白dlose lost lost losing失去have had had having有 .持有 .从事make made made making 制造 .安排 .构成sell sold sold~卖tell told told~告诉retell retold retold~重复 .复述wind wound wound~缠绕 .转动 .迂回5.ABC（1 ）原形→过去式→原形 +(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义blow blew blown~吹风 .喘气 .叫drive drove driven driving驾驶draw drew drawn~画画 .绘制 .拖拽eat ate eaten~吃fall Fell fallen~落下 .跌倒forbid forbad/forbade forbidden forbidding禁止 .不许give gave given giving给 .提供 .授予grow grew grown~生长 .种植forgive forgot forgiven forgiving原谅 , 饶恕know knew known~知道mistake mistook mistooken mistaking弄错 ; 误解 , overeat overate overeaten~(使)吃过量prove proved proven/proved proving证明 , 试验take took taken taking拿 .获得 .接受throw threw thrown~抛 .扔.掷ride rode ridden riding骑 .乘车see saw seen~看见 .了解、领会sew sewed sewn~缝制 .缝合show showed showed/shown~展示 .出示 .说明shake shook shaken shaking摇动 .震动write wrote written writing写（2）原形→过去式→过去式 +(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义break broke broken~打破 .打碎choose chose chosen choosing选择get got got/gotten getting得到hide hid hidden hiding隐藏forget forgot forgotten forgetting忘记 .忽略freeze froze frozen freezing冷冻 .结冰speak spoke spoken~说话 .谈话 .演讲steal stole stolen~偷窃 .窃取 .偷盗（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i分”别为“a（”过去式）和“u（”过去分词）[i → a → u]动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义begin began begun beginning开始drink drank drunk~喝sing sang sung~唱sink sank sunk~下沉 , 沉没swim swam swum swimming游泳ring rang rung~戒指 .环围住（4）其它动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义be(am,is,arwas/ were been~是e)bear bore born/borne~负担 , 忍受do did done~做fly flew flown~飞行go went gone~去lie lay（ lied ）lain （lied）lying躺 .位于（说谎）wear wore worn~穿bite bit bitten biting咬 .刺痛tear tore torn~流泪 .撕破 .猛冲注：“ ~”表示在动词原形后直接加ing。