6
Old English (450 -1100)
The invader’s language , Anglo-Saxon, developed into what we know as Old English
water, stone, foot, fire, sheep, and strong derive from Old English roots
Horsepower, airplane, typewriter (English roots)
This burst of neologism continues today, visible in the field of electronics and computers: cyber-, bios, hard-drive, and microchip
Of all the different branches in IndoEuropean family, two are of paramount importance, the Germanic and the Romance. English is in the Germanic group of languages.
7
The Norman Conquest and Middle English (1100 -1500)
William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, subsequently King William I, invaded and conquered England and the Anglo-Saxons in 1066. They spoke a dialect of Old French known as Anglo-Norman. The Normans were also of Germanic stock and Anglo-Norman was a French dialect that had considerable Germanic influences in addition to the basic Latin roots.
Two historical factors: Industrial Revolution and the British Empire
Neologism :oxygen, protein, nuclear, vaccine (Latin /Greek roots)
11
Late Modern English (1800 - Present)
8
The Norman Conquest and Middle English (1100 -1500)
The influence of the Normans: beef and cow
Beef → Anglo-Norman Cow → German The mixture of the two languages: Middle
William Shakespeare
10
Late Modern English (1800 - Present)
The principal distinction between Early Modern English and Late modern English is vocabulary.
In case of the word “brother”, it is of similar nature. In Greek it is phrater, in Latin frater, in Sanskrit bhratar, in French frere and in German bruder
English
9
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Early Modern English (1500 -1800)
The next wave of innovation in English came with the Renaissance. Many classical Latin and Greek words were brought into the Language: grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music
医学英语术语学及应用
1
Chapter One
An Etymological (词源的 ) Study of English Language
2
Indo-European and Germanic Influences
English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages, a very broad language family including most of the European languages spoken today.
Anglo-Saxons
5
Old English (450 -1100)
the original, Celtic-speaking inhabitants → out of what is know England → Scotland, Wales, Cornwall and Ireland, leaving behind a few Celtic words.
The word for father vater (in German), pater (in Greek), pedar in (Persian), pater (in Latin), and pitr (in Sanskrit)
3
Indo-European and Germanic Influences
4
Old English (450 -1100)
The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes from northern Germany, Denmark and northern Holland invaded British Isles and began to populate those areas.