• In the blood bank, a patient’s blood type is determined and the blood is tested against potential donor blood to make sure that there will be no problems with a transfusion.
• Chemotherapy：化疗 [ˌki:məʊˈθerəpi]
Prior to the development of automated laboratory instrumentation, practitioners performed laboratory tests manually, one test at a time. Today, laboratory instruments in chemistry and hematology are designed to perform up to 60 tests in just a few minutes. Automated：自动化
• Organism：微生物 • antimicrobial agents：抗菌剂，抗菌素
Cultures for fungal and yeast infections as well as for the organisms responsible for tuberculosis are also performed in some laboratories. Examination of stool specimens for the presence of parasites is a routine test in many laboratories.
• Hemoglobin n. 血红蛋白 • Erythrocyte n. 红细胞 • Platelet n.血小板 • Plasma n.浆,血浆
• The morphology of each cell type is described. This information will help diagnose anemia, leukemia or other diseases involving the blood cells.
date collection：数据（收集）采集 patient reporting：病人报告
• Nevertheless, a practitioner is still needed to monitor the instrument and to review and validate the results.
• Hemostasis • Urinalysis • Serology • Immunology • Virology • Parasitology • Mycology • Erythrocyte • Platelet • Plasma
n. 止血（法） n.尿分析（法）
n.血清学 n.免疫学
n. 病毒学 n.寄生虫学 n. 真菌学，霉菌学
• Morphology n. 形态学
In hemostasis, the plasma is tested to detect problems with clotting and bleeding. In patients with diseases such as hemophilia, there is a defect in one of the plasma constituents that allows blood to clot. Tests done in the hemostasis laboratory can help detect this defect.
In microbiology, the identification of many organisms is performed by automated equipment. Most laboratories are now equipped with complex instruments that are interfaced with laboratory information systems (LIS) for date collection and patient reporting.
n. 血红蛋白
• Hematology
n. 血液学
• Swab
n. 药签
• Anticoagulant n. 抗凝（血）药，抗凝的
• Therapy
n. 治疗，疗法
• Maintenance • Manual • Protocol • Phlebotomist • Cytotechnologist • Histology • Malignancy • Inflammatory • Biopsy
• Monitor：监控 • Validate: 校正
• A risk factor in the profession is that laboratory personnel are also exposed to many hazardsacids, noxious odors and blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Culture：培养 Stool：粪便
routine：常规
In serology, the serum is tested for the presence of antibodies to specific viral, fungal or bacterial agents. Results from tests such as the rubella or hepatitis tests determine whether a patient currently has a specific disease or is immune to it.
Hemophilia n.血友病 constituents：组分，成分
Clotting: 凝血
bleeding：出血
The chemistry section is responsible for performing tests that determine levels of blood constituents such as glucose or protein, detect elevations in enzyme characteristic of heartattacks or liver disease or measure ions such as sodium and potassium that control the electrolyte balance in the body.
n. 红细胞 n. 血小板 n. 浆，血浆
• Morphology • Hemophilia • Electrolyte • Medium • Fungal • Rubella • Sodium • Potassium • Potassemia • Antimicrobial
n. 形态学 n. 血友病
• Transfusion：输血 • Blood type：blood group，血型
• In addition, specific blood components such as platelet are prepared for transfusion to patients who are undergoing chemotherapy and require these cells to prevent uncontrolled bleeding.
• Electrolyte n.电解质 • Sodium n.钠 • Potassium n. 钾 • Glucose ：葡萄糖 • Protein：蛋白质 • Enzyme：酶
Often urinalysis is also performed in chemistry section. Results of urinalysis may suggest the presence of a urinary tract infection, kidney dmay include virology, parasitology, mycology and/or mycobacteriology, although these areas are explained in detail in chapter ш, the general testing performed in each is described here.
Virology n. 病 毒 学
Parasitology n. 寄 生 虫 学
Mycology n.真菌学，霉菌学
• In the hematology section, blood from the patient is tested for the amount of hemoglobin and the number of leucocyte, erythrocyte and platelet.
n. 电解质 n. 介质，培养基
n. 真菌的，霉菌的 n.风疹
n. 钠 n. 钾
n. 高钾血(症) n.抗微生物的/抗菌的（药）
• Stool
n. 粪便
• Hepatitis
n. 肝炎
• Pathogen
n. 病原体，致病菌
• Mycobacteriology
n. 分支杆菌学
• Hemoglobin
• Media: 培养基，介质 • Urine：尿样
wound：伤口
• In addition to identification of these organisms, the microbiology laboratory also identifies which antimicrobial agents might be useful in fighting the infection.