当前位置:文档之家› 彩色多普勒超声检测子痫前期患者胎儿 大脑中动脉的价值

彩色多普勒超声检测子痫前期患者胎儿 大脑中动脉的价值

彩色多普勒超声检测子痫前期患者胎儿大脑中动脉的价值目的研究妊娠期子痫前期患者32~34周胎儿大脑中动脉(MCA)的血流动力学变化规律,探讨其在预测小于孕龄儿的价值。

方法对孕32~34周正常胎儿和妊娠期高血压疾病胎儿应用彩色多普勒超声检测大脑中动脉的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、收缩期/舒张期比值(S/D),计算MCA-PI、MCA-RI、MCA-S/D 的比值,均取平均值;通过测量BPD、FL、AC、HC等计算胎儿体重,进行相关分析。

结果MCA-PI与MCA-RI、MCA-S/D值在轻度子痫前期(P<0.05)、重度子痫前期(P<0.01)与正常组比较差异有显著性。

在轻度子痫前期组与正常组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。

结论孕妇子痫前期胎儿MCA的血流动力学指标有明显变化,对预测小于孕龄儿具有一定实用价值。

[Abstract] Objective To study the principle of hemodynamic changes of middle cerebral artery(MCA) of fetuses of 32-34 weeks from pregnant patients with pre-eclampsia, and to explore its value in predicting small for gestational age fetuses. Methods Healthy fetuses of 32-34 weeks and fetuses from pregnant patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension were tested via color Doppler ultrasonography to test the pulse index(PI), resistance index(RI) and S/D ratio of MCA, and calculate the average values of MCA-PI, MCA-RI and MCA-S/D ratio; the weights of fetuses were calculated by measuring BPD,FL,HC,AC values, and related analysis was carried out. Results The values of MCA-PI, MCA-RI and MCA-S/D ratio in the group of mild pre-eclampsia(P<0.05) and the group of severe pre-eclampsia(P<0.01) was significantly different from that in the healthy group. The values in the group of mild pre-eclampsia were not significantly different from those in the healthy group(P>0.05). Conclusion The MCA of fetuses from pregnant women with pre-eclampsia shows significant hemodynamic changes, which is worthy of predicting small for gestational age fetuses.[Key words] Mild pre-eclampsia; Severe pre-eclampsia; Color doppler ultrasonography; Middle cerebral artery子痫前期是一种妊娠期特发性疾病,其病因尚未阐明[1]。

其基本病理变化为全身小动脉痉挛,内皮损伤及局部缺血,子痫前期脑血管痉挛,通透性增加,脑血管阻力和脑灌注压均增加[2]。

研究认为,子痫与脑血管自身调节功能有关[3]。

检测胎儿大脑中动脉(MCA)血流,是研究胎儿-胎盘循环及颅脑循环的有效方法[4]。

本文应用彩色多普勒血流显像技术检测子痫患者的胎儿MCA血流动力学指标,探讨子痫前期疾病患者胎儿大脑中动脉血流动力学与小于胎龄儿的关系,以评估其临床诊断价值。

1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取2013年3~12 月就诊于山西医科大学第一医院妇产科门诊的孕妇96例,年龄25~32岁,平均28岁,孕龄为32~34周,平均33周,其中正常孕妇32例,诊断轻度子痫前期32例,重度子痫前期32例,采用GE E8彩色多普勒超声检查仪,经腹部超声探头频率为 3.5~5MHz。

检测胎儿大脑中动脉(MCA)血流参数:收缩期与舒张期血流速度比值(S/D)、血流阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI),并测量胎儿BPD、FL、AC、HC等数据估算体重。

表1 三组间各指标的统计分析结果[,M(QR)]组别体重PI* RI* S/D*正常组 2078.81±223.67 1.43(0.42)0.79(0.08) 2.21(0.84)輕度子痫前期组1938.56±249.94a 1.27(0.38)a 0.72(0.07)a2.85(1.95)a重度子痫前期组1548.81±244.11ab 1.14(0.31)ab 0.54(0.13)ab3.38(0.60)aF/x2 39.86 37.91 76.02 25.53P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001注:*表示采用非参数检验结果;a表示与正常组比较,P<0.05,b表示与轻度子痫前期组比较,P<0.051.2测量方法1.2.1胎儿大脑中动脉的解剖及测量孕妇仰卧位时,大脑中动脉是最重要的血管供应大脑半球。

大脑中动脉位于脑底下方,环绕视交叉,与前、后交通动脉、两侧大脑前动脉始段、两侧颈内动脉末段、两侧大脑后动脉始段吻合而成基底动脉环,即Wilis环[5]。

首先将探头置于胎儿头颅双侧于颞部,作水平扫查,显示大脑Wilis环,呈红蓝色彩环状,左侧探测时,左侧大脑前动脉呈蓝色,左侧大脑中、大脑后动脉呈红色,探头置右侧时,显示彩色多普勒血流颜色相反(图1)。

当颅内动脉血流信号适当放大信号多普勒取样线和小于度的角的流动方向,曲线的大脑中动脉血流速度脉冲多普勒取样。

测量标准:大脑中动脉取样均获取3个以上形态一致、完整清晰的脉冲多普勒频谱图,测量S/D、PI、RI。

测量胎儿血流时,尽量在无胎动或无胎儿呼吸样运动时进行。

测量胎儿大脑中动脉血流参数由固定的高年资医师操作,在同一标准切面上进行(图2)。

[8] 徐田穎.彩色多普勒检测正常妊娠和妊高征胎儿脑血流的临床意义[J].中国民族民间医药,2011,20(10):36.[9] 杨玉英,江森,郝素媛,等.胎儿脐动脉血流异常波形与围产儿结局的关系[J].中华妇产科杂志,1997,32:36-37.[10] 王雪薇,郑秀兰,刘磊,等.彩色多谱勒检测妊高征患者胎儿大脑中动脉和脐动脉的价值[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2008,29(4):409-411.[11] 严英榴.产前超声诊断学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.[12] 徐田颖.彩色多普勒检测正常妊娠和妊高征胎儿脑血流的临床意义[J].中国民族民间医药,2011,20(10):36.[13] 杨玉英,江森,郝素媛,等.胎儿脐动脉血流异常波形与围产儿结局的关系[J].中华妇产科杂志,1997,32:36-37.[14] 应伟雯,周一敏.超声平面对诊断Dandy-Walker综合征的重要性[J].中华超声影像学杂志,2004,13(8):632-633.[15] Garcia RG,Celedon J,Sierra-laguado J,et al.Raised C-reactive protein and impaired flow-mediated vasodi- lation precede the development of preeclampsia[J].Am J Hypertens,2007,20(1):98-103.[16] Filho EV,Mohr C,Filho BJ,et al.Flow-mediateddilatation in the differential diagnosis of preeclampsia syn-drome[J].Arq Bras Cardiol,2010,94(2):182-186,185-189,195-200.[17] Gebb J,Dar P.Colour Doppler ultrasound of spiral arteryblood flow in the prediction of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction[J].Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol,2011,25(3):355-366.[18] Heieh YY,Chang CC,Tsai HD,et al.Longitudinaldoppler sonographic measurements of vascular impedance inthe central and peripheral spiral arteries throughout pregnancy[J].Clin Ultrasound,2000,28(2):78-82.[19] Yu CK,Khouri O,Onwudiwe N,et al.Prediction of pre-eclampsia by uterine artery Doppler imaging: relation-ship to gestational age at delivery and small-for-gestational age[J].Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol,2008,31(3):310-313.[20] Yu CK,Smith GC,Papageorghioi AT,et al.An integrated model for the prediction of preeclampsia using maternal factors and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in unselected low-risk women[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2005,193(2):429-436.[21] Cnossen JS,Morris RK,Ter riet G,et e of uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography to predict pre-eclamp-sia and intrauterine growth restriction: asystematic review and bivariable meta-analysis[J].CMAJ,2008,178(6):701-711.[22] Cnossen JS,Terriet G,Mol BW,et al.Are tests for predicting pre-eclampsia good enough to make screening viable? A review of reviews and critical appraisal[J].Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand,2009,88(7):758-765.[23] Pongrojpaw D,Chanthasenanont A,Nantha-konmom T.Second trimester uterine artery Doppler screening in prediction of adverse pregnancyoutcome in high risk women[J].J Med Assoc Thai,2010,93(Suppl 7):S127-S130.[24] 丛克家,罗志晶.应用桡动脉血流图预测妊高征[J].中华妇产科杂志,1988,24(1):5.[25] 乐杰.妇产科学[M].第7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2009:92-101.[26] Litton A,Russell K,Fukien TH,et al.Loss of placental growth factor protects mice against vascular permeability in pathological Gondi-tons[J].Brioche Biomass Res Common,2002,295(2):428.[27] Levine RJ,Lam Coquina C.Soluble Enderlin and other circulating anthropogenic factors in preeclampsia [J].N Angle J Med,2006,355(10):992.[28] Taylor RN,Grim wood J,Taylor R,et al.Longicaudate serum concentrations of placental growth factor: evidence for abnormalplacental angiogenesis in pathologic pregnancies[J].Am J Obstet Gyne,2003,188(1):177.(下转第页)(上接第页)[29] Tory DS,Wang DS,Wang TH,et al.Preeclampsia is associated with reduced serum levels of placenta growth factor[J].Am J Obstet Gyne,1998,179(6 Pt 1):1539.[30] Clark DE,Smith SK,Diligence D,et al. Comparison of Expressionists for placenta growth factor,vascular endothelial growth facto(rVEGF),VEGF-B and VEGF-C in the human placenta throughother[J].Endocrinel,1998,159(3):459-467.[31] Torpedoman R,Delaine S,Clouet J,et al. Erythroblasts are asource angiogenesis factors[J].Blood,2001,97(7):1968-1974.[32] Khalid A,Dunk C,Ganglia J,et al.Hypoxia down-regulates placenta growth factor,whereas fetal growth restriction up-regu lates placenta growth factor expression: molecular evidence for“hyperalimentation”in intrauterine growthrestriction[J].Lab Invest,1999,79(2):151-170.[33] Litton A,Russell K,Fukien TH,et al.Loss of placental growth factor protects mice against vascular permeability in pathological Gonditons[J].Brioche Biomass Res Common,2002,295(2):428.。

相关主题