extra pay.
waste your valuable time.
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注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用 分词替换
只有当分词的逻辑主语是句子 的主语时，才能用分词替换．
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We are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们 发出
Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由the boy承受
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（2）相当于时间状语从句
Turning around (=When she turned around), she saw an ambulance driving up.
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(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或 补充说明等
The students went away, running and laughing.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing
现在分词作伴随状语
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4. __C__ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having
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分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑 主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来 修饰全句
Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province.
=If we judge…
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Generally speaking, every spy has a contact.
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注意2：如果分词和句子没有 逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用 单个的分词作状语，可以用分 词的独立主格结构或状语从 句．
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现在分词的独立结构为名词或代 词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的 逻辑主语
Time permitting, I’ll call on you this Sunday.
He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.
Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow.
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高考链接
1.The secretary worked late into the night, _B____a long speech for the president.
A. To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 现在分词作伴随状语
received D. Having not received 作原因状语
现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否 定词通常放在现在分词前面。
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单句改错
1. Having not seen the film of it. Not having 2. The men worked for extra hours got an
现在分词作状语有几种形式
1.现在分词何时用一般形式?
⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且 和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一 般形式．
He was ill and didn’t attend the meeting.
=Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.
B. 2.European football is played in 80 countries, ___A___ it the most popular sport in the world.
C. Making B. makes 现C在.分ma词d表e 结D.果to状m语ake
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3. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ___A____ to the notice.
Having finished the class, she went home.
=After she finished the class…
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3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？
当分词的动作由主语承受，而且 分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生 时．
Being criticized by the employer, the new employee hung his head.
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(4)表示结果
a. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts.
b. we hurried to school ,finding there were no students in the school.
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(5)表示条件 If playing all day ,you will
a. Being ill, she didn’t g to school today.
=As she is ill, … b. Having seen the film ,he didn’t
go to the cinema with them. =Because he had seen the film ,…
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⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动 作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立 即发生,也用分词的一般形式.
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
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2.现在分词何时用完成形式？
当分词的动作是由主语发出，而 且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分 词的完成形式．
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4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？ 当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示 的动作之前发生，且分词表示的 动作由主语承受．
Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder.
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现在分词作状语相当于状语从 句可表时间，原因，方式，伴 随情况，结果或条件等
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(1)相当于原因状语从句