八、非谓语动词真题试做1．(2012山东高考，26)George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left him.A．to be told B．tellingC．being told D．told2．(2011山东高考，27)Look over there—there's a very long，winding path ______ up to the house.A．leading B．leadsC．led D．to lead3．(2010山东高考，23)I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term.A．completing B．to completeC．completed D．being completed4．(2010山东高考，29)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.A．laid B．layingC．to lay D．being laid考向分析1．考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。
2．考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。
3．考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。
现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。
4．考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。
热点例析考点一：谓语与非谓语形式的识别试题以复杂的结构和冗长的句式呈现，考查考生是否能瞻前顾后地分清句子成分、理解句子结构、明白句子意义，正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。
【典例分析】 (2012浙江高考，8)I think Tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or ______ his job.A．quits B．to quitC．quitting D．quit答案为D项。
该句使用了either ... or ...并列结构，either后面是动词原形study，or后面也应该是动词原形quit，故选择D项构成并列谓语。
(2012全国高考Ⅱ，10)Tony lent me the money，______ that I'd do as much for him.A．hoping B．to hopeC．hoped D．having hoped答案为A项。
由于空前没有连词，应排除谓语形式的C项，如果用hoped则应在空前加and；根据空前的逗号可排除B项，因为动词不定式作目的状语时其前不加逗号；“希望……”并不是发生在“托尼借给我钱”之前，故排除表示完成的having hoped；由于Tony与hope 之间存在主动关系，故选择现在分词hoping作状语。
考点二：非谓语形式作主语非谓语形式作主语时，形式主语it常用来代替不定式短语作主语。
如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.但在It is no use/good doing sth.和It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中，it代替动名词短语作主语。
如：It's no use arguing with them.【典例分析】 (2012浙江高考，3)No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better ______ silent.A．remain B．be remainingC．having remained D．to remain答案为D项。
when在此处引导定语从句修饰times，在when引导的从句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to remain silent，表示“有时保持沉默更好”。
考点三：非谓语形式作宾语1．部分动词(短语)后面只能接不定式作宾语。
常见的有：agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/pretend/refuse/wish/would like (love)He agreed to lend me his bike.He refused to say sorry to me.2．部分动词(短语)后面只能接动名词作宾语。
常见的有：avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/ practise/suggest/keep (on)/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be (get) used to/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer...to...等。
He admitted taking my money.Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?3．部分动词(短语)后接不定式和动名词时，含义不同，应注意区分。
如：I'll remember to post your letter.我会记住把你的信寄上的。
I don't remember saying this to him before.我不记得以前对他说过这件事。
如：I forgot to tell him to come.我忘记叫他来了。
I'll never forget seeing him for the first time.我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。
如：I regret to say that I can't accept your kind offer.很抱歉，我不能接受你那善意的提议。
I regret saying what was in my mind.我后悔说了心里话。
如：You must try to improve your teaching method.你一定要试图改进你的教学方法。
If no one answers，try knocking at the back door.如果没人答应，试着敲敲后门。
如：I meant to send you a postcard，but I didn't have your address with me.我本想寄一张明信片给你，但是我身边没有你的地址。
Starting too early means wasting your time.出发太早就是浪费时间。
如：Let's stop to buy something to eat here.咱们在这里停停买些吃的吧。
Let's stop working and have a rest.咱们停下手里的活，歇一会儿。
如：After reading the text，he went on to write the new words.读完课文之后，他接着写生词。
He went on telling us the story after a short rest.稍微休息之后他接着给我们讲故事。
如：I want to join the army.我想参军。
The road needs rebuilding.这条路修需要重新修建。
如：I can't help to carry the box because my arm hurts.我不能帮忙搬箱子，因为我胳膊疼。
They couldn't help laughing when they saw him.他们看到他，忍不住大笑起来。
如：I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.我建议开一个会来讨论这件事情。
He often advises people to use their brains.他常常劝人动动脑子。
【典例分析】 (2012安徽高考，24)I remembered ______ the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.A．locking B．to lockC．having locked D．to have locked答案为B项。
remember to do sth.意为“记着要做某事”，remember doing sth.意为“记着做过某事”。
“在离开办公室前就把门锁上”显然不合逻辑，所以应选不定式作宾语。
句意：我在离开办公室以前，记着了要锁门，但是忘了要关灯。
(2012北京高考，23)One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.A．corrects B．correctC．to correct D．correcting答案为D项。
在介词by后面，and 前后连接两个并列宾语，根据making可知此处选correcting。
句意：一个人在犯错和纠错中学会一种语言。
考点四：非谓语形式作定语1．时间关系不同：不定式作定语通常表示一个未发生的动作；现在分词作定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态；过去分词作定语多表已完成的动作，或没有一定的时间性(只表示被动)。
如：I have a lot of work to do.The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.This is a play written by Shakespeare.2．逻辑关系不同：不定式所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语，也可能是它的逻辑宾语；现在分词作定语时，它所修饰的词一定是它的逻辑主语；过去分词作定语所修饰的词一般是它的逻辑宾语。
如：He is the first to get here.He is the man to depend on.He is the very person looking for you.A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.3．不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，不要遗漏必要的介词。