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赖世雄美语从头学-初级篇(上)

赖世雄美语从头学-初级篇(上)1.people表示“人们”时,只做复数用。

我们可以说two people , three people , many people等,却不可以说one people。

若欲表示“一个人”时,应说one person或a person2.不完全及物动词:即接复合宾语动词,其后不仅跟一个宾语,同时需要一个宾语补足语,用来说明宾语的特点。

Call作为不完全及物动词they (主语)call(谓语) the girl(宾语) marry(宾语补足语)3.在以下例句中old可以用of age代替:He is twenty years old = He is twenty years of age4.looks young for one’s age = look younger than one really isYou look young for your age = you look younger than you really are你看起来比实际年龄要轻5.See:看见,和…见面:I see my friends on the weekends我在周末和朋友见面6.During the day在白天,at night在晚上,以上两个短语做对称用法时,亦可以用by day和by night取代:John sleeps during the day and works at night = John sleeps by day and works by night7.Each other表示两者的“彼此”的意思,在句中只作宾语,句中的主语必须限定为两者;one other表示三者或三者以上的“彼此”,在句中只作宾语,句中的主语必须为三者或三者以上的人物。

8.The wangs = the wang family王氏一家人9.Same相同的,在使用本单词时,之前一定要置定冠词the10.Have做及物动词表示“有”的意思,使用have时,主语一定要是表示“人或者动物”的名词或代词:John has a dog they have many friendsThere be 也表示“有”的意思,但用法与have不同:In the room has a boy(in the room是表示场所的短语,不能做主语,使用时应于句首置there be,然后置名词,在将表示场所的短语置于句尾),改成there is a boy in the room11.Also与too均为副词,表示“也”的意思。

但使用时,too至于句尾,其前要有逗号;而also则置于一般动词之前,若与be动词或助动词并用时,则also该置于be动词或助动词之后:Tony also has a dog = Tony has a dog , too He is a student , I am also a student = He is a student ,I am , too12.Alike相同的,相似的。

使用本单词时,不可置于名词前:John and Peter are alike brothers(brothers是名词,该句错误) John and Peter are alike in many ways(正确)13.省略句的功能就是省略两句重复的部分,使句子结构简单又不失清楚的涵义,省略句形成的先决条件是:1.两句的结构必须相同(亦即两句有相同的时态及动词,第二句方可形成省略句)2.第一句若为肯定句,第二句则为否定句;第一句若为否定句,第二句则为肯定句(形态有三:be动词,助动词,一般动词)14.They are brother and sister上句中brother和sister是可数名词,照理本句应为they are a brother and a sister,但两个名词代表的是相对的关系,如父子、兄妹、母子等,这些名词的不定冠词a/an就应省略,故我们应该说they are brother and sister15.The cat is running for its life猫在逃命16.专有名词(如John)或表示“人”的普通名词(如my father)形成所有格时,要在这些专有名词或普通名词之后加“’s”,之后再接名词,即John’s book my father’s book但专有名词或普通名词之后有“s”形成复数时,则表示所有格的符号“’”要置于“s”之后,即the boys’ father 17.现在进行时语句格式:主语+be+现在分词,现在分词的形成方式如下:动词原形+ing = 现在分词1.绝大部分的动词原形可直接加ing形成现在分词:do+ing = doing2.但若动词以不发音的e结尾时,要先删除e,再加ing:write+ing = writing3.若动词原形为单音短音节,且以一个短音字母结尾时,应将该字母双写,再加ing:run+ing = running18.the United States美国,美国的全称为the United States of America,一般均以the United States、the States、the U.S.称呼19.American的复数是Americans,Chinese的复数是Chinese20.All表示“全部的,所有的”,修饰三个或三个以上的人或东西。

与代词并用时,置于该代词之后(they all);与普通名词并用时,置于普通名词之前(all the boys);与专有名词并用时,置于专有名词之后(Peter , Mary and Paul all)Both表示“两者都”,用来修饰两个人或东西21.As a matter of fact = in fact事实上 Overseas Chinese华侨22.Shop是不及物动词,不能接宾语;shop需接介词for,才可以接宾语:she is shopping for a new dress23.Either 与Too均为副词,二者皆表示“也”,但用法有别:1.too用于肯定句中,置于句尾,too之前置逗号2.either用于含有not的否定句中,置于句尾,either之前置逗号24.sit作为不及物动词,接介词on(表示坐在无扶手的椅子上面)/in(表示坐在有扶手的椅子上面),再接宾语25.in和at作为介词,之后均可用以表示建筑物的名词做宾语,但in强调“在…里面”,at则笼统指“在…地方”26.make+人+动词原形:叫某人… my father makes me clean his bike我父亲叫我清洗他的自行车27.shake like a leaf(因恐惧、害怕而)抖得很厉害28.特殊疑问句是由why、where、when、what、who、which等词起首的问句,疑问词要置于句首;1.原句有be动词时,该be动词要与主语倒装:why is he crying?2.原句有助动词can、will、may时,该助动词要与主语倒装:when will you come?3.原句有一般动词时,一般动词与主语无法倒装,须按主语的人称在疑问词之后置do或者does,再将动词改成动词原形:where does he live?29.Near 在…的附近 next to 紧邻…,在…的旁边 across from 在…的对面 in the center of 在…的中央点1)这些介词或短语介词加了宾语之后,形成表示场所位置的介词短语,与there is/are(有…)并用时,可置于句尾或句首。

Near my school there is a swimming pool = there is a swimming pool near my school 2)若介词短语置于句首时,there可省略。

Near my school there is a swimming pool = near my school is a swimming pool30.一般而言,like有两种用法:作为及物动词,表示“喜欢”;作为介词,表示“像”1)做及物动词时,句子结构如下:主语+like+宾语(名词或代词)。

The boy likes the dog2)做介词时,之后亦须接宾语,形成介词短语。

这个短语使用时,要置于be动词之后(My teacher is like my father)或名词之后(there is no place like my hometown),或主语之前(Like John , I enjoy music)。

31.Fire station消防局 block 街区32.Dreamin’ = dreaming,在口语或歌词中,常将ing形成的现在分词说成或写成in’,以求发音方便。

Singing =singin’。

33.Dream作不及物动词时,通常有两种用法:1)dream of/about+动名词梦想要… Stan dreams of being a millionaire2)dream of/about+名词(或代词) 梦到… I dreamed of you last nightDream作及物动词时,常用同系名词dream作宾语,此时动词dream可用have取代。

此外也可以用that引导的名词性从句作宾语。

She dreamed a bad dream last night = She had a bad dream last nightI dreamed that we were swimming togetherDream作名词当主语时,可使用动词短语come true,表示“梦想实现”的意思。

His dream came true when he became a doctor34.search作不及物动词时,常与介词for并用(The police are searching for the criminal);search作名词时,有一个固定用法be in search of,即等于search for(Pat is still in search of a better job)35.hope作及物动词时,通常有两种用法:以that引导的名词性从句作宾语(Betty hopes that her son will returnhome this year),以不定时短语(to+动词原形)作宾语(I hope to meet you again when I visit Tokyo next week);hope作不及物动词时,通常和介词for并用,hope for+名词希望得到…(I always hope for the best and prepare for the worst)36.keep right on:keep on + 现在分词 = keep + 现在分词继续做某事(right在这个短语中的意思是“一直”)37.两者 one…the other…(I have two friends , one is short , and the other is tall);三者 one… another…the other(Her three sisters are busy now , one is cooking in the kitchen , another is fixing her bike in the yard , and the other is studying in the living room)38.And连接两个平行单词时,and之前不得置逗号(my friend is handsome and intelligent);and连接三个平行单词时,第一个单词与第二个单词之间置逗号,and则置于第二个单词与第三个单词之间,and之前则可置逗号,但通常予以省略(my friend is handsome , intelligent , and strong = my friend is handsome , intelligent and strong);and连接平行的句子时,and之前通常置一个逗号,but亦为并列连词,表示“但是”、“不过”的意思,,用来连接平行的句子时,but之前通常也置一个逗号(He loves Jane , and he is planning to marry her this year He likes music , but his girlfriend hates it )39.Glass可作“玻璃”或“玻璃杯”,作“玻璃”时,是不可数名词;作“玻璃杯”时,是可数名词。

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