语法重点：独立主格结构。

1. 原文再现。

This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2. 独立主格结构定义。

独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。

前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。

独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

3. 独立主格结构用法。

A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。

B. 用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

C. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has tostay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

D. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。

E. 表示补充说明.We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two..我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。

4. 独立主格结构形式。

A. 一般独立主格形式，与主句逻辑关系松散形式为: n. + -ed/-ing形式; n. + 不定式; n. + 介词短语; n. + 形容词; n. + 副词B.名词/主格代词+现在分词，名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动关系。

The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

C. 名词/主格代词+过去分词，名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。

The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

D. 名词/主格代词+不定式，名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。

He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。

．E. 名词/主格代词+形容词An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。

F.名词/主格代词+副词He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。

G.名词/主格代词+介词短语The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。

H. .with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. + 介词短语I.…each引导的强调型独立主格:强调句尾的复数名词形式为:句子+ 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/-ing形式/-ed形式Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided intofive groups, each with its own executive.J．There being +名词（代词）There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。

K.. It being +名词（代词）.It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。

5. 注意事项。

A. 独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。

After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。

B. 不能省略being (having been) 的情形：在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。

(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。

如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。

(2)在There being+名词的结构中。

There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

C. .在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。

Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。

比较with的复合结构。

如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.D.独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。

( C ) 1. --You shouldn't have helped ________ to Maggie's new electronic dictionary and broke it.--What shall I do now?A. herselfB. myselfC. yourselfD. ourselves( B ) 2. There are many people who _______ the summer _______ the winter.D. like; thanC. prefer; than B. prefer; to A. like; better( A ) 3. His grandfather died ___the wound that the enemy soldier had given him and then hisgrandmother died ___hungry and cold.A. from, ofB. of, fromC. from, fromD. of, of( A ) 4. We are going to have rain during the next month.A. a good deal ofB. a good manyC. a great number ofD. numbers of( A ) 5. I have known your situation, I will send the money to you immediately.A. Now thatB. As far asC. On condition thatD. So long as( A ) 6. Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess withhis little grandson every afternoon.A. itsB. whoseC. whichD. that( B ) 7. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.A. itB. themC. whichD. that( C ) 8. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. itB. themC. whichD. that( B ) 9. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. itB. themC. whichD. that( B ) 10. There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.A. whichB. themC. whomD. that( B ) 11. There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that( B ) 12. There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that( B ) 13. There _________ nothing more to do, Mr. Goodman left for home. A. was B. being C. to be D. had being ( B ) 14. It Christmas, the government offices were closed.A. wasB. beingC. to beD. had being ( C ) 15. ______, the old man had no money to buy even a bus ticket.A. His wallet being stolenB. His wallet stealingC. With his wallet stolenD. As his wallet stolen( C ) 16. Though ( ) money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in( A ) 17. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 2000000 silver pennies, _____over 600 years old.A all of them B. all of which C all of it D none of which (B ) 18. , we had to put the meeting off.A. Because the manager ill B The manager being illD .Being illC. The manager was ill( A ) 19. __ ___, the English speech contest had been on for half an hour. A. They arriving there B. Arriving thereC. Having arrived thereD. They arrived there( C ) 20. , her proposal is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things being consideredC. All things consideredD. All things to be considered。