第一篇A Health Profile态度，姿态剖面, 侧面, 外形(C级)A health pro a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw获得your health profile, you will need to know what diseases run in your family, what health需要知道hazards冒险, 危险, 冒险you may be exposed to at work, how your daily diet compares to the recommended standards, how much time per week you spend exercising and what type of exercise you engage in , how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and whether or not you have any one of a number of addictions.有何不良嗜好类型, 模型, 标本your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve as a baseline, to which完整的描述priorities优先, 重点; 优先权based on your particular portrait. For example, if you drink Two martinis every evening, have a high-stress job, are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed by losing of your job, giving up your马提尼酒if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has认真看看自己工作和家庭生活中的全部健康习惯that will benefit him in the future.第二篇Making Yourself a Good Record(C级)If you are an American and you think you might need to borrow money someday, the best thing to do is start early.That’s because just as many employers want to hire only people with experience, banks借贷证明记录But if you need experience just to get a start, how do you get that stat in the first place?With a little help from your parents usually, while you are still financially dependent on认为如果你无力偿还，会为你支付So just as time开创信贷记录Credit reports are a summary of one’s personal credit history, gathered by a creditincluding hospitals, landlords and insurance companies定期向。

报告at paying back the money they owe .Anyone wi索取个人的报告排列信贷等级addition to a bad record of doing so, can result in a low score.Even if you are not considering taking out a loan for such a large purchase as a home or贷款大宗购物car, your credit report can be important to getting through life. Landlords often ask for the reports to judge whether a person can be trusted to pay the rent. Credit checks are necessary信贷审查for getting a credit card, even for purchasing a mobile phone calling plan.People can obtain a copy of their own credit report, usually at a cost of around US$8-9. Some consumer organizations recommend doing this once a year to allow one to catch any mistakes that have slipped into the record or, even worse, to find out whether any fraud has taken place. Though the system is controlled by laws meant to protect people’s privacy, it isn’t fool-proof: Sometimes people take out bad loans in others’ names, ruining their records.In a society addicted to credit, that can be a disaster.第三篇Pretty Good(C级)When Spanish football club Barcelona paid US$35 million for Ronaldinho last summer, they weren’t buying a pretty face. “I am ugly ,” admits the Brazilian superstar. “But龅牙飘垂的头发are always eye-catching on the pitch. The 23-year-old striker scored two goals in a 3-2 引人注目的中锋击败一连六次取胜thanks to the贡献了10个进球end a success.Ronaldinho—full name Ronaldo De Assis Moreira—is one of many South Americans签名(于), 署名(于)～, 签署him as a seven-year-old, and he soon became friends with Ronaldo, who was then the other young star of Brazilian football. It was Ronaldo who first called him Ronaldinho, which means Little Ronaldo, and the name stuck. 大家用这个名字称呼他He first played for his country in at the where heEngland. 任意球1/4比赛中improvisation即席创作or pass. It is instinct that gives out the orders.”While he may not have David Beckham’s good looks, Ronaldinho has a playboy reputation名誉, 名声off the pitch投，投掷，抛：投掷. At former club Paris Saint Germain, which sold him to B arcelona, he broke club rules by going out and enjoying the city’s nightlife.7“Without doubt, Ronaldinho is the most difficult player I have ever come across,” says former PSG coach Luis Ferdandez. “The main problem for any coach is that one player withou t discipline can hurt the whole team.”But Ronaldinho doesn’t think he has done anything wrong. “I am just a young person who enjoys life ,” he says.第四篇Where Have All Our Visitors Gone? (C级)Sixty years ago, a man named Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still seeing today -something that changed popular culture for ever.这样东西永远地改变了大众文化月牙形碟形flying with the motion of a saucer skimming on water.以碟子移动方式飞速掠过水面多次出现the US military began to investigate It called these strange objects UFOs –Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how they are known today.Military investigations found no evidence of visitors from outer space. But that did not stop the true believers. The military were covering up, they said. Or maybe it was because the travelers from space were of such superior intelligence that they could hide from the most sophisticated military analysts.People have always seen strange lights in the sky. In the past these were explained in religious ways. In a world where religion was less influential and science fiction was不如以前流行上帝的示意The date of the first UFO signings was also significant. In 1947, World War II had just ended and the cold war was just beginning. Humanity seemed locked in endless conflicts.人类Like generations before them, people looked to the skies for help. But instead of seeking God,相信外星人是第一次科学迷信However, even people who believe in UFOs are not quite sure why they visit the earth. The universe is a big place and it is reasonable to assume that there is life somewhere out there.It is possible that aliens have worked out how to travel through space.穿越宇宙Yet some people report that they have been taken by aliens andhave had experiments performed on them. Why would anyone travel across half the拿他们做实验universe to conduct medical experiments on people living in small towns in the United States?第五篇Why People Use PseudonymsYou can’t choose the name you are given at birth，but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood．Of course，most people never change their names even if they feel unhappy about them．However, some people do take this course of action付诸行动—particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes it’s for purely personal reasons，such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile，Neftali Reyes．He didn’t want his father to know he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man．At other times the reason may appear eccentric；take the有时case of the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa，who wrote under 75 different names．The reason? “When I use a different name，I always write in a different way,”he explained．In most cases，however, the reason is for social，historical，political，or cultural reasons．Here are some of the most common:以下是些最常见的情况The person's real name is just too long and difficult to remember．Let's be honest，老实说Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as easy to remember as just plain“Madonna”．And short names are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.Sometimes names are changed for marketing purposes．For example，if a name sounds too“foreign”，it may be changed to something that is more recognizable in a market．So in the film world，Ramdn Estevez adopted the name Martin Sheen. Or maybe the artist’s real name doesn’t sound very attractive—Chad Everett does sound a lot better than Raymond Cramton.Artists sometimes choose the name of someone they admire. Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because of his admiration for the Welsh poet，Dylan Thomas．Another reason may be practicality：in the past，women found it very difficult to get published．To avoid this situation they sometimes gave themselves men’s names，so the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot，and she did get her books published!第六篇Reform on the Road (C级)Will the reform on the use of government cars really reduce office expenditure on this count? There are no reports indicating such an outcome although some local governments have moved in that direction.副局级以下官员Instead they get subsidies between 300 and 2,600 yuan a month according to their让政府节省大量维护车辆的费用Hangzhou in east China Zhejiang province is not the first to attempt such a reform. Nanjing, capital of the neighboring Jiangsu province, did so five years ago, Yet there is no report available of how much money the Nanjing government has saved by these measures. All that we know about is the fact that government officials get monthly subsidies for business trips.The public have a right to asking for transparency on the results of such reform because it is taxpayers' money that is being spent. Transparency is needed because people are skeptical about policy-makers making policy against their own interests.Obviously, the subsidies are not based on work needs. Lower level officials usually travel more than high-ranking officials. Therefore, the impact of reform appears to be diluted.因此，这项改革的作用似乎很小Transparency alone can tell us whether the reform measures have indeed reduced government transport expenditure. If there is no disclosure of amounts saved by the reform, the public may have reason to suspect that the reform is actually a poly to increase the income of officials in the form of a transport subsidy.车补的形式The way government cars are used needs to be reformed. The government spending on purchase of cars was 80 billion yuan in 2008, and use and maintenance amounts to around 300 billion yuan a year.A study of ancient Chinese dynasties shows that the more reforms of the tax system, the heavier the taxes eventually levied on subjects.The only way to prevent this vicious cycles from happening with government car reform today is for the higher authorities to have a strict and transparent audit of local finance.第七篇Water(C级)From the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first civilizations arose where Water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge to man’s ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar in response to the Nile’s annual flooding. The Babylonians, who we re among the most famous law-makers in ancient times, invented laws regulating water usage. Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000- mile canal, a complex system which, after nearly 2,500 years, remains still practically in use and still commands the astonishment of engineers. But the ancients never found complete solutions to their water problems. The Yellow River is also known as “China’s Sorrow”; it is so unpredictable and dangerous that in a single flood it has caused a million deaths . Floods slowed the great civilization of the Indus River Valley, and inadequate drainage ruined much of its land. Today water dominates man as it always has done. Its presence continues to govern the violent它的航线把人们联系起来its immense value may add to already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples of this in our own time.在我们这个时代第八篇An Early Form of Jazz Music(C级)Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own.At the turn of the last century, when jazz was born, America had no prominent music of its 上世纪之初own. No one knows exactly when it was invented or by whom. But it began to be heard in the开始被欣赏early 1890s. Jazz is America's contribution to popular music.In contrast to classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous 与遵循欧洲传统的古典音乐相比and free in form. It bubbles with energy, expressing the moods, interests, and emotions of在二十世纪二十年代爵士乐成为具有显著美国特色的音乐music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to the Southern states as slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friends and relatives formed a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music, suited to the occasion. But on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their number, but the living were glad to be alive . The band死亡带走了他们中的一员played happy music, improvising onboth the harmony and the melody of the tunes played at the funeral.即兴地改编着葬礼上演奏的那些和谐，优美的曲调This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.第九篇Freezing to Death for Beauty(C级)People in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend off the cold. In the United States, however, people wear less, partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation. Cars take them straight to their workplaces, which are heated well. Thecan afford to burn heat more quickly.轻便的衣服at the risk of health. 选择漂亮These girls have nothing to prevent their legs against the wind, and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos are all that they wear.仅看她们的体质people in cold weather. I have always wondered, whenever I pass these girls, how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived.And then there are the guys. The girls can be said to sacrifice health for beauty. But why 男孩也这样little?好像并不是，他们穿得少了，就突然变得更好看了They are not exactly being fashionable when they only wear sporty shorts and并不显得更时髦不讨人喜欢Of course, people have the freedom to look whatever way they want. I am just surprised that, given the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut, they can still look like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February.第十篇The Ideal Husband(C级)Science now might be able to with Brad Pitt's face and选择配偶good short-term partners, while those with more feminine traits such as a rounder face and fuller lips are perceived as better long-term mates.In the study by Daniel Kruger at the US's University of Michigan, 854 subjects viewed a series of male head shots that had beendigitally changed to exaggerate or minimize masculine traits. They then answered questions 通过数字化使男性特征变得更突出或更不显眼一些about how they expected the men in the photos to behave.Most participants said that those with more masculine features were likely to be risky, competitive, and more apt to fight, challenge bosses, cheat on spouses andput less effort into parenting. Those with more feminine faces were seen as good parents and 不愿承担做家长的责任husbands, hard workers and emotionally supportive mates.But, despite all the negative characteristics, when asked who they would choose for asomething longer. 短暂恋情The study was published in the December issue of the US journal Personal Relationships.很多道理testosterone, the hormone responsible for the development of masculine facial features and other sexual characteristics. It has been found to affect the body's ability to fight disease:这些特征是女性愿意遗传给下一代的However, increased testosterone has also been linked to cheating and violence in relationships. So, these men might produce high quality offspring, but they don't always make great parents or faithful mates, Kruger says.The scientific community have shown skepticism toward physiognomy, which links facial characteristics to But Kruger argues that the research is a选择配偶策略这或许和他们的基因有关。