adj. / adv.
infinitive
V-ing / V-ed
clause
etc.
2
Members of a sentence
• 主语 subject • 谓语 predicate • 宾语 object • 表语 predicative • 宾补 complement • 定语 attribute • 状语 adverbial • 同位语 appositive
④表结果：to+do, v+ing, 从句
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.
⑤表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose 为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力．
.
10
（六）宾语补足语 （object complement）
• I found the book interesting. • Do you smell something burning? • He made himself known to them.
.
11
(七) 同位语:(appositive) 我们有两个孩子，一男一女．
②表地点：in China, at the airport…
我在教室里看见一个学生．
I saw a student in the classroom.
.
14
③表原因: because, as, for, since…
他因为生病所以今天没有去上学．
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.
In order to get into a better school, I must
study even harder .
.
15
⑥表条件: as/so long as, if, unless,
.
9
（五） 表语（predicative）
1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
连系动词
2.表状态变化的动词 (get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)
3.感官动词(look, smell, hear, feel…)
+表语
My sister is a nurse. She got angry.
动作的对象或承受者，由n.或相当于n.的词担任。 置于__及__物_动__词__或__介__词__之后。
How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
.
12
八. 状语:(adverbial)
状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按 用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件， 让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。
.
13
①表时间：yesterday, today, tomorrow…
我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？
Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?
.
7
He gave me some books.
↓
↓
间接 直接
宾语 宾语
通常情况下，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
.
8
（四） 定语:(attribute) （Noun/Pronoun）
这是一节生动有趣的课． 前置定语 This is a lively and interesting class.
有一些难题要处理． 后置定语 There is something difficult to deal with.
Tips:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、 不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。
.
5
（二）谓语（predicate)： 由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。
He works very hard.
谓语
The weather is very nice today.
谓语
He looked up the word in the dictionary.
谓语
.
6
(三)宾语（ object ）
We have two children, a boy and a girl.
那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车．
The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.
当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用 来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。
.
3
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓
↓
主谓 定 宾 同
状
语语 语 语 位
语
语
.
4
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物,
主语一般位于__句__首__ 。
Lily llikes her new bike.
To learn English well is not easy.
英 /
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
Vi
主 语
谓 语
Vt
宾语
noun 宾语(直) 宾语(间) adj. / adv.
宾语 宾补
infinitive
系动词
表语
V-ing V-ed
Noun / Pronoun
noun etc.
The + adj
V-ing / Clause be / feel / seem / look
Infinitive
appear / stand / lie
become /get / grow / turn
go / come / remain/ keep . taste / smell etc.
pronoun