C9 Test-2below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that I. Each of the statementswould best complete the statement.1. The fixity of idioms depends onA. idiomaticityB. structureC. grammaticalityD. style2. Idioms are generally felt to beA. formalB. informalC. casualD. intimate3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ” , is used.A. simileB. metonymyC. personificationD. juxtaposition4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by .A. linguistsB. poetsC. working peopleD. ruling class5. Forms and functions of idioms are .A. differentB. identicalC. not necessarily identicalD. not identical at all6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties.A. stylistic, affectiveB. social, regionalC. professional, culturalD. cultural, social7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each wordand the meaning of the idiom.A. illogicalB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. logical8. Idioms nominal in nature function as .A. adverbsB. modifiersC. nounsD. adjectives9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is .A. simileB. personificationC. metonymy 10. The tone implied by “a big cheese ” is .A. positiveB. interestingC. neutralD. derogatoryII. Decide whether the following are true or false.( )1. Idioms are generally felt to be informal; therefore they are usually inappropriate formal settings. ( )2.The stylistic features of idioms are fixed and unchangeable. ( )3.Idioms are peculiar to native culture and language. ( )4.The fixity of idioms is absolute. ( )5.The idiomaticity is gradable and may best be thought in terms of a scale. ( )6.Idioms are fixed in structure and so can never be changed. ( )7.Idioms are usually difficult to understand because the meanings of idioms are not in many cases the total of individual words. ( )8.All idioms are used in their figurative senses. ( )9.Since each idiom is a semantic whole, each can be replaced by a single word. ( )10.Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms, but there are many exceptions.III.Match the words and expressions in Column A with their rhetorical features in ColumnB. Column A 1. by hook and crook 2. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl 3. play fast and loose 4. like a rat in a hole 5. fall into good hands 6. cut the ground from under sb. 7. powder one 's nose 8. from cradle to grave D. euphemismforColumn BA. reiterationB. synecdocheC. rhymeD. personificationE. hyperboleF. alliterationG. juxtapositionH. repetition9. push and shove10. year in year out11. The pot calls the kettle black.12. a flood of tears IV. Identify the types of idiomatic variations in the following expressions.1. talk thirteen to the dozen2. It 's an ill wind.3. fortune 's wheel4. “The leopard! But he did change them, Dinny. ”“He did not, Auntie: he had no spots to change.” 5. Thank one ' s starsV. Define the following terms.1. semi-idioms2. true idioms3. regular combinations4. sentence idioms5. phrase idiomsVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1. What is the difference between phraseological fusions and phraselogical unities2. How to understand “structural stability ” o f idioms3. How are idioms classified according to grammatical functionsVII. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Conway would have preferred to talk in Chinese, but so far he had not let it be known that he spoke anyEastern tongue; he felt it might be a useful card up his sleeve.Pick out the idiom (or its variation) in the sentence and make comments on it.2. The sudden death of his only child was a bolt from the blue to the old woman.Pick out the idiom in the sentence. Explain its meaning, effect, grammatical structure and functions, and I. euphemism J. metaphor K. simile L. metonymyrhetorical features.答案：I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. AII. Decide whether the following are true or false.2. FIII. Match the words and expression in Column A with their rhetorical features in Column B.1. C2. F 4. K 5. B 6. J8. L 9. A 10. H 11. DIV. Identify the variation types about idioms involved in the following words and expressions. 1. replacement2. shortening3. position-shifting4. dismembering5. deletionV. Define the following terms.1. semi-idiomsSemi-idioms are the idioms whose meanings are in a way related to the meanings of the constituents but are not themselves explicit.2. true idiomsTrue idioms are those whose meaning cannot be deduced from their individual constituents.3. regular combinationsRegular combinations are idioms whose meanings are understood from the literal meanings of the constituents.4. sentence idiomsSentence idioms are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases. Each functions as a sentence.5. phrase idiomsPhrase idioms are lexemic idioms, each of which is identical with a part of speechas noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc. and functions as such.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1. What is the difference between phraseological fusions and phraselogical unities Phraseological unities refer to idioms, whose meanings are not the sum of meanings of their components but based on them, and thus may be understood from the components.Phraseological fusions are idioms, the meanings of which can never be deduced from the meanings of their constituents.2. What is meant by “structural stability ” of idiomsThe structure of an idiom is to a large extent invariable, unlike free phrases. First, the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced. Secondly, the word order cannot be inverted or changed. Thirdly, the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article. Finally, many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.3. How are idioms classified according to grammatical functionsAccording to grammatical functions, idioms may be classified into five groups: idioms nominal in nature, idioms adjectival in nature, idioms verbal in nature, idioms adverbial in nature, and sentence idioms.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Conway would have preferred to talk in Chinese, but so far he had not let it be known that he spoke any Eastern tongue; he felt it might be a useful card up his sleeve.Pick out the idiom (or its variation) in the sentence and make comments on it.“be a useful card up his sleeve ” is a personal variant of “have a card up one 's sleeveThe variation belongs to the type of dismembering. It is well used here to indicate that Conway is a person ofwisdom, knowing how to take the advantage of the situation and manipulate people.2. The sudden death of his only child was a bolt from the blue to the old woman.Pick out the idiom in the sentence. Explain its meaning, effect, grammatical structure and functions, and rhetorical features.(1) The idiom is “a bolt from the blue. ”(2) The idiom means a sudden unexpected incident, esp. a catastrophic one.(3) Its effect is to make the sentence concise and forcible.(4) Its grammatical structure is “n + prep + n ”, and it is nominal in nature and servesas the predicative.(5) It is a metaphor.。