be动词、一般动词和助动词一、be动词、一般动词的现在式（1）be动词的现在式—am/are/isa.是（表状态）We are happy.—我们很高兴b.在（表存在）She is in America.—她在美国含be动词（am/are/is）的肯定句变成否定句时，在be动词后加not即可。

肯定句：主语+am/are/is…否定句：主语+am/are/is+not…He is a good baseball player.他是一个好棒球员（否定句）He is not a good baseball player.= He’s not a good baseball player.= He isn’t a good baseball player.含be动词（am/are/is）的肯定句变成疑问句时，将be动词拿到主语前，句尾加？即可。

肯定句：主语+am/are/is…疑问句：Am/Are/Is+主语…？1.That is his camera.那是他的相机（疑问句）Is that his camera?2.The girl is a junior high school student.那女孩是初中生（疑问句）Is the girl a junior high school student?动词开头的疑问句为一般疑问句，可用yes或no回答，而答句中的主语（问句）Am/Are/Is+主语…？（答句）Yes,主语+am/are/isNo,主语+am/are/is not1.Is that man your math teacher?Yes, he is./No,he is not.2.Are you eating your lunch?Yes, I am./No, I’m not.（2）一般动词的现在式凡是日常生活中具体的动作，如：eat-吃饭，walk-走路及抽象的动作如：like-喜欢，think-思考…皆为一般动词a.大部分动词加sworks/playsb.一般动词词尾为o/s/sh/ch时。

加esgo-goes/wash-washes/watch-watchesc.一般动词词尾为字音+y时，去y加iescry-cries/study-studieshave和hashas为have（有，吃）的单数形式They have a lot of money.He has a lot of money.含有一般动词从肯定句变为否定句时，不可直接在一般动词之后加not，必须使用助动词do/does/did。

且助动词之后用原形动词，因为助动词表示了时态、数的变化。

do—用于主语为I/you/复数does—用于主语为第三人称单数she/hedid—用于过去式，不分人称和数均可用肯定句：主语+一般动词…否定句：主语+do/does/did+not+原形动词1.The twin brothers go to school by bus.这对双胞胎兄弟坐公交车上学（否定句）The twin brothers do not（=don’t）go to school by bus.2.Sam has dinner at the restaurant.（否定句）Sam does not（=doesn’t）have dinner at the restaurant.否定句a.be动词He is my boyfriend.He is not my boyfriend.b.一般动词He likes dogs.He does not like dogs.含有一般动词的肯定句变成疑问句时，不可将一般动词拿到主语前，必须用助动词do/does/did，且助动词之后用原形动词。

肯定句：主语+一般动词…疑问句：Do/Does/Did+主语+原形动词…？1.You visit your grandmother on Sundays.（疑问句）Do you visit your grandmother on Sundays?2.He comes from England.（疑问句）Does he come from England?do/does/did开头的疑问句（即一般疑问句），其回答（问句）Do/Does/Did+主语+原形动词…？（答句）Yes,主语+do/does/didNo,主语+don’t/doesn’t/didn’tDoes the little boy go to school?Yes,he does./No,he doesn’t.比较疑问句a.be动词She is beautiful.Is she beautiful? Yes, she is.b.一般动词She loves tennis.Does she love tennis? Yes,she does.二、be动词、一般动词的过去式Be动词的过去式表示：过去时间中发生的状态1.（现在式）He is busy now.（他现在很忙）（过去式）He was busy then.（他那时很忙）2.（现在式）My parents are at home now.（过去式）My parents were at home yesterday.时间副词改变，动词也应改变。

was和were现在式过去式be动词amisarewaswerebe动词过去式的否定句含be动词过去式was/were的肯定句边否定句时，在be动词后加not.肯定句：主语+was/were否定句：主语+was/were+not…1.Mr.Brown was a vet.Brown先生是一个兽医（否定句）Mr.Brown was not（=wasn’t）a vet.2.Joe and Brain were in the living room at that time.（否定句）Joe and Brain were not （weren’t ）in the living room at that time.含be 动词过去式was/were 的肯定句变疑问句时，将was/were 拿到主语前，句尾加？即可。

肯定句：主语+was/were … 疑问句：was/were+主语…？1.Wendy was in the seventh grade last year. Wendy 去年读七年级（疑问句）Was wendy in the seventh grade last year?动词开头的疑问句，可用yes 或no 回答，而答句中的主语用代名词。

（问句）Was/Were+主语…？（答句）Yes,主语+was/were/No,主语+was/were+not.Were you a pianist? 你是钢琴家吗？Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.1.I walk to school every day .（过去式）I walked to school yesterday .2.Mother goes to a supermarket every morning .（过去式）Mother went to a supermarket yesterday .—主语为第三人称单数时，动词过去式不加s 。

含一般动词过去式的肯定句变否定句时，不可直接在一般动词之后加not ，必须用助动词did （不分人称和数），而助动词之后用动词原形。

肯定句：主语+一般动词…否定句：主语+did not+原形动词1.He called you last night.他昨晚打你电话（否定句）He did not call you last night.2.My sister and I watched TV all day yesterday.（否定句）My sister and I didn’t watch TV all day yesterday.否定句过去式a.be动词She was at home.She wasn’t at home.b.一般动词She studied English.She didn’t study English.含有一般动词过去式的肯定句变为疑问句时，不可将一般动词拿到主语前，必须用过去式助动词did，且did之后必须用原形动词。

肯定句：主语+一般动词过去式…疑问句：Did+主语+原形动词…？1.His friends went to that movie case week.（疑问句）Did his friends go to that movie last week.（答句）Yes,they did./No,they didn’t.2.Grace wrote a letter to David.（疑问句）Did Grace write a letter to David?（答句）Yes, She did./No,she didn’t.疑问句过去式a.be动词He was sick.Was he sick.b.一般动词He did his homework.Did he do his homework?三、助动词所谓助动词是和原形动词合在一起，用来表现时态、语态、语气的动词。

此外，助动词也能表示疑问、否定、强调…1.其后须接原形动词He can speak English.✓He can speaks English.✗2.现在式中，主语为第三人称单数，词尾不加sHe cans speak English.✗3.形成否定句时，在助动词后加notHe cannot speak English. ✓He doesn’t can speak English. ✗4.形成疑问句时，将助动词拿到主语前Can he speak English? ✓Does he can speak English? ✗5.两个助动词不能连用You will can swim soon. ✗（1）can（could）Can表能力、许可、可能，而could是can的过去式a.表能力（=be able to）1.He can speak Japanese, but he cannot（=can’t）write it.2.I will be able to（此处不能用can）finish the paper and go out to see the exhibition tomorrow.3.I haven’t been able to recall his name.我一直想不起他的名字b.表可能1.It cannot be true.那不可能是真的2.This kind of thing can happen every now and then.这种事随时可能会发生3.A quarrel can sometimes cause trouble.口角有时可能引发问题4.The light in the sky could be a UFO.天空中的光可能是外星飞船c.表许可1.You can come in if you have a ticket.如果你有门票就可以进来2.I’m afraid you can’t park your car here.恐怕你不能把车停在这儿3.Can I leave early because I’m not well today?——Certainly.因为我今天不舒服，可以早点离开吗？——可以d.表请求1.Can you do me a favor?你能帮我忙吗？✧Could you do me a favor?是更可气的说法Could you repeat your cell phone number,please?请你重复一遍你的手机号码好吗？（2）may（might）a.表许可1.You may not chew gum in class.你不可以在课堂上嚼口香糖2.May I interrupt you?——sure.我可以打断你吗？——当然b.表可以1.You may be right but I am against your opinion.你可能是对的，但是我反对你的意见2.She might not know that you are here.她可能不知道你在这儿➢Might可用于现在式或过去式，其表示的可能性较may低c.表意愿、祈祷1.May I never see a sight like that again!愿我不再看到那样的景象2.May you succeed.愿你成功（3）musta.表义务、命令1.You must return this book by next Tuesday.你必须还书在下周二之前2.You must not talk with your mouth full.你不可以在嘴巴有东西时说话➢Must I really attend the meeting?我真的必须参加那场会议吗？——Yes,you must.——No, you need not.——No, you don’t have to.Must=have to（必须），但must只能用于现在式，其过去式用had to，未来式用will have to，完成时用have had to1. I had to go to see the doctor because I caught a cold.我必须去看医生，因为我感冒了2.You’ll have to replace this light bulb.你将必须更换这灯泡3.We have had to stay here because it’s raining heavily outside.我们必须一直呆在这里，因为外面在下大雨➢口语中，常用have got to 代替have to1.You’ve got to be more patient,Mary.Mary你必须更有耐心b.表推测1.You must be kidding.你一定是在开玩笑2.That is an enormous animal, it must weight a ton.那是个巨大的动物，它可能有一吨➢表推测是的must，其否定用cannot代替1.She is very young. She cannot be over twenty.她非常年轻，她不会超过二十岁c.表必然1. All men must die.人一定会死（4）willWill除表未来外，还有下列用法a.表现在的推测1.Mom will be downstairs now.妈妈现在应该在楼下吧2. That will be his house.那应该是他家吧b.表主语强烈的意志1.The window will not open.窗户怎么也打不开2.He will insist on his right.他将坚持他的权利c.表习惯、倾向1.Accidents will happen.事故将发生2.A drowning man will catch at a straw.溺水者将抓住一根草d.表请求1.Will you bring me a ladder?麻烦给我拿个梯子好吗？2.Will you have one more coffee?你要不要再来杯咖啡？（5）wouldWould为will的过去式，但would有其独特的用法a.表客气的请求1.Would you mind if I sit next to you?你介意我坐你旁边吗？2.Would you call me back later?请稍后打给我好吗？b.表过去的习惯，常伴随着sometimes/often…频率副词1.Before they had television, people would listen to the radio.在有电视之前，人们习惯听收音机2.Susan would often chat with us at this coffee shop.Susan以前经常和我们在这家咖啡厅聊天C.表过去的意志1.You wouldn’t eat carrots when you were a boy.你小时候不愿吃红葡萄2.The rusty screw wouldn’t come loose.生锈的螺丝拧不开（6）used toa.表过去的习惯1.John used to work part-time at a restaurant after school. John以前在下课后常到餐厅打工2.I used to go for a swim on my lunch break, but now I don’t.我以前常在午休时间去游泳，但现在不去了3.I used to go to the movies every Sunday.我以前每个星期天常去看电影I would often go to the movies when I was young.我年轻时常去看电影✧Used to 表过去的习惯Would 表过去动作的重复，其习惯意味较淡Used to的否定为used not to或didn’t used to。