Stainless Steel1. Compositionz The microstructure consists of roughly 50% austenite and 50% ferrite.z Generally, the content of the relative phase needs to reach 30%.2. Basic material characteristicsz Twice strength of austenitic and ferritic stainless steels.z Wide range of corrosion resistance to match application.z Good toughness down to minus 80 deg C but not genuine cryogenic applications.z Particular resistance to stress corrosion cracking.z Weld able with care in thick sections.z More difficult to form and machine than austenitic.z Restricted to 300 deg C maximum.3. Part of the typeType CN US SE DEDuplex SteelLow Alloy 00Cr23Ni4N UNSS32304SS2327(SAF2304)W.Nr.1.4362 Middle Alloy00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 UNSS31500SS2376(3RE60)W.Nr.14417 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N UNSS31803SS2377(SAF2205)W.Nr.14462 High Alloy00Cr25Ni5Mo2 UNSS32900SS2324(10RE51)W.Nr.14460 00Cr25Ni7Mo3WCuN UNS S31260W.Nr.14501SuperDuplex Steel Super00Cr25Ni7Mo4N UNSS32750SS2328(SAF2507)W.Nr.14410 00Cr25Ni6Mo3CuN UNSS32550W.Nr.145074. Duplex steel Material properties4.1. 00Cr23Ni4N (UNS S32304/SFA2304)z DESCRIPTIONURANUS® 35N (UR 35N) is a 23% Cr, 4% Nickel, Mo free duplex stainless steel (23.04). The alloy UR 35N has similar corrosion resistance properties similar to 316L. Furthermore, its mechanical properties i.e. yield strength, are twice those of 304/316 austenitic grades. This allows the designer to save weight, particularly for properly designed pressure vessel applications. The alloy is particularly suitable for applications covering the -50°C/+300°C (-58°F/572°F) temperature range. Lower temperatures may also be considered, but need some restrictions, particularly for welded structures. With its duplex microstructure, low nickel and high chromium contents, the alloy has improved stress corrosion resistance properties compared to 304 and 316 austenitic grades.z COMPONENTGrade C Cr Fe Mo Ni N 2304Min - - - - - - Max 0.020 23.0 71.8 0.30 4.80 0.10z PROPERTIESPhysical Properties 20℃ 100℃ 200℃ 300℃ Density /Kg/m 3 7.80 -- - -Mechanical Properties20℃100℃200℃300℃Tensile Strength, Yield (MPa) 400 330 280 250 Tensile Strength, Ultimate (MPa) 670 540 500 - Modulus of elasticity (GPa)200 194 186 180 Elongation at break (%)40 Shear Modulus 77.0 Poissons ratio0.30---Thermal Properties 20℃ 100℃ 200℃ 400℃Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (µm/m-°C) - 13.0 - 14.5Specific Heat Capacity (J/g-°C) 0.500 0.530 0.560 - Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K) 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0Note: 4.2. 00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 (UNS S31500) z DESCRIPTIONDuplex stainless steel, UNS S31500.Sandvik 3RE60 is a duplex stainless steel (austenitic-ferritic) of the ELC type. The material is characterized by the following properties:¾ high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride-bearing environments ¾ good resistance to general corrosion and pitting¾ high mechanical strength – roughly twice the proof strength of austenitic grades ¾ good resistance to erosion corrosion and corrosion fatigue ¾ physical properties that present design advantages ¾ good weldabilityz COMPONENTGradeC Cr Fe Mn Mo Ni N P Si S S31500Min - - - - - - - - - -Max 0.030 18.5 71.2 1.50 2.60 4.500.0700.030 1.60 0.030z PROPERTOESPhysical Properties 20℃ 100℃ 200℃ 300℃ Density /Kg/m 3 7.80 -- - -Mechanical Properties20℃100℃200℃300℃Hardness, Rockwell C ≤28.0 - - -Tensile Strength, Yield (MPa) ≥450 - ≥330 ≥320 Tensile Strength, Ultimate (MPa) 700-800 - - - Modulus of elasticity (GPa)200 194 - 180Elongation at break (%)≥30 - - -Thermal Properties 20℃ 100℃ 200℃ 400℃Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (µm/m-°C) - 13.0 13.5 14.5Specific Heat Capacity (J/g-°C) 0.475 - 0.530 0.580 Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K) 13.0 - 16.0 19.04.3. 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N (UNS S31803/2205) z DESCRIPTIONDue to its excellent corrosion resistance, 2205 is a suitable material for service inenvironments containing chlorides and hydrogen sulfide. It is also suitable for use in dilute sulfuric acid solutions and for handling organic acids, i.e., acetic acid and its mixtures.¾ Oil and Gas Production – Down-hole piping, gathering line pipe, CO2 tertiaryrecovery piping, oil-gas separators, heat exchangers.¾ Chemical Processing – Heat exchangers, pressure vessels, tanks, columns, pumps,valves, piping.¾ Transportation – Tank trailers, ocean-going tankers, barges. ¾ Pulp & Paper – Pulp digesters¾ Power Industry – Feedwater heaters, coolers, flue gas scrubbers. ¾ Marine Service – Sea water piping, pumps.z COMPONENTGrade C Cr Fe Mn Mo Ni N P Si S 2205Min - 21.0 63.75- 2.50 4.500.080- - - Max 0.030 23.0 71.922.03.506.500.200.030 1.0 0.020z PROPERTIESPhysical Properties 20℃ 100℃ 200℃ 250℃ Density (Kg/m 3) 7.82 - - -Mechanical Properties20℃100℃200℃250℃Hardness, Rockwell C ≤31.0- - - Tensile Strength, Yield (MPa) ≥448 - - - Tensile Strength, Ultimate (MPa) ≥621 - - - Modulus of elasticity (GPa) 190 - - - Elongation of break (%) ≥25 - - -Thermal Properties 20℃100℃200℃300℃Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (µm/m-°C) - 13.7 14.2 14.8 Specific Heat Capacity (J/g-°C) 0.418- - - 4.4. 00Cr25Ni5Mo2 (UNS S32900)z DESCRIPTIONz COMPONENTGrade C Cr Fe Mn Mo Ni P Si SS32900 Min - - - - - - - - - Max 0.010 28.0 63.0 2.0 1.50 4.50 0.040 1.0 0.030z PROPERTIESPhysical Properties 20℃100℃200℃300℃Density /Kg/m3 7.80---- Mechanical Properties 20℃100℃200℃300℃Hardness, Rockwell C 20.0- - - Tensile Strength, Yield (MPa) 550 - - -Tensile Strength, Ultimate (MPa) 725 - - -Modulus of elasticity (GPa) 200 - - -Elongation of break (%) 25Thermal Properties 20℃- - 815℃Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (µm/m-°C) - - - 14.4 Specific Heat Capacity (J/g-°C) 0.460- - -4.5. 00Cr25Ni7Mo3WCuN (UNS S31260)z DESCRIPTIONz COMPONENTGrade C Cr Fe Mn Mo Ni SiS31260 Min - - - - - - Max 0.030 25.0 63.72 1.0 3.0 6.5 0.750z PROPERTIESPhysical Properties 20℃100℃200℃300℃-- Density /Kg/m3 7.80--Mechanical Properties 20℃100℃200℃300℃Hardness, Rockwell C 20.0- - - Tensile Strength, Yield (MPa) ≥450 - - -Tensile Strength, Ultimate (MPa) 690 - - -Modulus of elasticity (GPa) 200 - - -Elongation of break (%) 20.0-25.0Thermal Properties 20℃100℃200℃300℃- - - Specific Heat Capacity (J/g-°C) 0.5005. SUPER DUPLEX STEELAPPLICATIONSz Pulp and paper industryz Desalination plantsz Flue-gas cleaningz Cargo tanks and pipe systems in chemical tankersz Seawater systemsz Firewalls and blast walls on offshore platformsz Bridgesz Components for structural designz Storage tanksz Pressure vesselsz Heat exchangersz Water heatersz Rotors, impellers and shafts5.1. 00Cr25Ni7Mo4N (UNS S32750)z DESCRIPTIONSandvik SAF 2507 is a high alloy duplex stainless steel for service in highly corrosive conditions. It is characterized by excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking inchloride-bearing environments, excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, highresistance to general corrosion, very high mechanical strength, physical properties that offerdesign advantages, high resistance to erosion corrosion and corrosion fatigue and good weldability.z COMPONENTGrade C Cr Fe Mo Ni NS32750 Min - - - - - - Max 0.030 25.0 64.64 3.60 6.50 0.260z PROPERTIESPhysical Properties 20℃100℃200℃250℃Density (Kg/m3) 7.80 - - - Mechanical Properties 20℃100℃200℃250℃ Tensile Strength, Yield (MPa) 530 450 400 380Tensile Strength, Ultimate(MPa) 800 680 640 630 Modulus of elasticity (GPa) 200 194 186 - Elongation of break (%) 35 - - -Shear Modulus 77.0 - -Poissonsratio 0.30 - - - Thermal Properties 20℃100℃200℃300℃Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (µm/m-°C)- 13.0 13.5 14.0 Specific Heat Capacity (J/g-°C)0.500 0.530 0.560 0.590Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K)15.016.0 17.0 18.05.2. 00Cr25Ni6Mo3CuN (S32550/255)z DESCRIPTIONURANUS® 52N+ (UR 52N+) is a super duplex stainless steel with 25% Cr and a PREN value higher than 40. The minimum guaranteed yield strength is 550 MPa which allows the designer to reduce weight. The molybdenum and nitrogen additions have been optimized in order to obtain the best corrosion resistance properties even for heavy plates. High nitrogen content improves the structure stability particularly in HAZ. Its corrosion resistance is much better than UR B6/N08904 and roughly equivalent to 6 Mo super austenitic alloys. Copper additions increase the corrosion resistance properties, particularly in sulfuric acid media. URANUS® 52N+ is a cost efficient grade designed for offshore, marine, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid applications... as well as pollution control equipments.z COMPONENT RANGESGrade C Cr Fe Mo Cu Ni NS32550 Min - 25.0 - - 1.50 - - Max 0.040 26.0 63.22 3.50 - 6.50% 0.25z PROPERTIESPhysical Properties 20℃100℃200℃300℃-- Density /Kg/m3 7.82--Mechanical Properties 20℃100℃200℃300℃Hardness, Rockwell C ≤28.0- - - Tensile Strength, Yield (MPa) ≥550 - - -Tensile Strength, Ultimate (MPa) ≥770 - - -Modulus of elasticity (GPa) 200 - - -Elongation of break (%) ≥25Shear Modulus 75.0Poissons ratio 0.33 - - -Thermal Properties 20-93℃- - -Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (µm/m-°C) 11.0 - -- - - Specific Heat Capacity (J/g-°C) 0.480Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K)15.1。