句子成分（该知识点是学习时态和语态，定语从句，倒装，非谓语，反义疑问句的根本）主要成分：主语，谓语次要成分：宾语，表语，状语，定语，补语，同位语1.主语：名词：this classroom is big.代词：I love you.数词：thousands of people are in the park.名词化的形容词：The poor need help.（考点：在主谓一致中，the+a.做主语，谓语动词用复数）动名词doing，不定式to do，从句做主语：Swimming in this river is dangerous. To swim in this river is dangerous.It is dangerous to swim in this river. It is + a./n. + to do sth. (作文加分句型)Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
To see is to believe.That he can’t pass the test is a pity. ---主语从句It is a pity that ……Sth is a pity.(注意：当主语是动名词，不定式或者从句的时候，可以考虑用形式主语it，该知识点和非谓语，强调句相衔接）2. 谓语：谓语用动词体现，一个句子中只有一个谓语。
简单谓语：v./v.短语I love you.I look after my mother.复合谓语：情态动词+v.原型I can’t swim.助动词+ v.I don’t like apples.系表结构：系动词：be; get, turn, go, become; sound, look, smell, tasteMy advice is that you should lock the door.--- 表语从句情态动词：can, could may, might, must, shall, should --- (在虚拟语气中会用到)助动词：do, does, did, have, has, had宾语：谓语动词作用的对象是宾语。
名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，动名词，不定式，从句可以做宾语。
v. + doingv. + to do主语+ v. + that ……---- 宾语从句He gave me a book.（I am a book.）Me—间接宾语A book –直接宾语He gave a book to me.We selected him our monitor.He is our monitor.当宾语是双宾语的时候，如果两个宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，那么它们是宾语+宾语补足语的关系；如果不是，那么它们是直接宾语（物）和间接宾语（人）的关系。
定语：起修饰作用的成分状语：前提是句子是完整的，表示时间，地点，条件，目的。
的成分句子完整的标准/五大基本句型结构：（为定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句服务）主语+谓语。
---- vi.主语+谓语+宾语。
主语+系表结构。
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语。
时态：一般式：一般现在时态：do/doesAm/is/are done●often, always, usually, from timeto time, sometimes, every four years, three times a day●表真理和客观事实用一般现在时态My mother told me that the sun _is__ (be) bigger than the earth.(考试时要注意，就算语言环境是在过去，表真理的句子仍然用一般现在时态)Shanghai is located at Huangpu River.** 主将从现在时间和条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时态表将来。
时间状语从句：when, while, as, the time/the moment/the minute，as soon as (一。
就。
)条件：if, unless, as long as(只要)，provided, providing, givenIf he _comes__ (come), I will tell him the truth.Came would tellIs coming will be tellingHas come will have told(*在考试中，通常会把if改成the time/the moment/provided…, 关键是要认出是主将从现)the more… the more ….一般过去时态：didWas/were done Yesterday, last year, just now, ago, in 1999used 的用法：used to do sth 过去常常干。
（used to be done 被动形式）be used to do sth = be used for sth 被用来做（be used to be done 没有这个形式）be used to doing sth = be accustomed to doing sth 习惯于附加考点：used to do sth在听力中肯定形式表否定（Unit1 SectionB）Beyond, far from, out ofThe professor’s lecture is beyond my understanding.Be in control be out of control一般将来时态：will doWill be doneTomorrow, in the future, in 2 years基本结构：Will doBe going to doBe about to do …whenBe to do sth(要求：掌握这几大结构，可能会把主将从现中的将来时态改成其他的时态)* assure/promise/hope/plan + that ….., 从句中用一般将来时态。
例：I promised that I would buy a diamond ring for/to her.进行式：现在进行：be doingAm/is/are being done Now; Look!; Don’t disturb him.Be always doing sth 老是。
He is always losing his keys.过去进行：was/were doingWas/were being done将来进行：will be doingWill be being done完成式：现在完成：have/has doneHave/has been done●since + 时间点/句子（since所引导的句子中用did的形式）for + 时间段already(肯定)，yet（否定，疑问）;before, just; so far, till now, up to now, lately, recently; in the past few years…●固定搭配（书上考点四）It is + 时间段+ since + 句子（句子中用一般过去时态）It was + 时间段+ since + 句子（haddone）过去完成：过去的过去had doneHad been done By the end of + 过去的时间；By then, up to then, till then;When + 句子（did ）----** hardly … when…Scarcely…when…No sooner… than …1.固定搭配，翻译“一。
就。
”2.时态：主句—had done (hardly,scarcely, no sooner)从句—did (when,than) 3. 倒装**将来完成：will have doneWill have been doneBy the end of + 将来的时间By + 将来的时间By the time + 句子（一般现在时态）例：by the time he retired, he _would have taught_ (teach) English for 30 years.(注意：考试时通常会把将来完成时态跟主将从现放在一起来考)完成进行：have/has been doing考点：该时态通常和现在完成时态互用；如果两者同时出现在答案中，优先选择have/has been doing语态：被动语态:被动语态也就是把主动语态中的do 改为be done.He waters flowers.Flowers are watered by him.考点一：各个时态的被动语态考点二：被动表主动Be located/situated at/to/on/in 位于Be tired of = be bored with = be fed up with 厌烦Be tired out = be worn out 筋疲力尽Be worn out 穿破（听力）Be seated = sit 坐Be lost in 迷失Be convince d = believe 相信考点三：主动表被动Sth need/require/want/deserve doing Worth:Be worth doing sthBe worthy of being doneBe worthwhile to do sthThis book is worth reading.Prefer sth 更喜欢。
Prefer doing/to do sthPrefer A to /instead of BPrefer to do rather than doPrefer doing to doingWould rather do than doWould do rather than doNeither …nor…And/as well as/not only…but alsoTo doingBe used to doing阅读中，有绝对词的选项多半不是正确的绝对词：must, only, any, completely, best, can….~ in = be rich inSufficient/adequate/considerable/a number of 许多Happen to do 碰巧做某事= run into = run across主谓一致：A accompanied by B谓语动词的单复数根据A来变Company n. 公司（firm）, 陪同Accomplish = finish doing = complete = achieve vt. Completely adv. 完全地Action movieComedy 喜剧片Tragedy 悲剧Horror movie 鬼片Take action/measures/steps/pains to do sth 采取措施干。