当前位置:文档之家› 仁爱版八年级下英语语法课件

仁爱版八年级下英语语法课件

仁爱版八年级下英语 语法课件
单元语法课件 宾语从句
语法点击
宾语从句
在初中阶段,宾语从句是重要的语法点,与宾语从句有 关的考点有很多,常见的有,
考点1:宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的引导词有三类,分别是
that
表陈述语气,通常可以省略。
if/whether
表疑问语气,意为“是否”。
特殊疑问词
常见的特殊疑问词有when, where, how, what, why等。
考点3:宾语从句在时态上应遵循时态呼应原则 在宾语从句中,谓语动词时态要受到主句谓语动词时态的制 约,一般要遵循以下三条原则: 1.如果主句是祈使句或主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或 一般将来时,则宾语从句可根据实际需要选用时态。如: Mary says she will come back soon. Will you tell us which places you visited during the vacation?
考点4:宾语从句的“否定转移” 当主句的谓语动词为think, believe等词,且主语为第一 人称时,从句中的否定词not应转移到主句谓语动词。如: I think. She can't come.(合并为一句) →I don't think she can come.
考点5:宾语从句的简化结构 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句通常可以简化成“特殊疑问词 +不定式”结构,此时主从复合句也就变成了简单句,但简化 必须符合以下两种条件: 1.简单句的疑问词为原宾语从句的引导词; 2.原从句的主语应与主句的主语或间接宾语一致。 I don't know what I should do next.(改为简单句) →I don't know __w__h_a_t_to__d_o_n__ex_t______.
宾语从句的引导词和语序
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,在复合句中作主句的 宾语。在本单元,我们将重点讲解宾语从句的引导词和语序。
1.宾语从句的引导词 选择宾语从句的引导词是有规律可循的,一般来讲,可分为 三个类型: (1)当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来时,该从句通常由that引 导。that无具体意义,在句中不作任何成分,在口语或非正式 文体中常常被省略。如: We all say. Li Ming is a good boy. →We all say (that) Li Ming is a good boy.
注意:特殊疑问词作主语时,如果语序本来就是“主语+ 谓语”结构,则语序不再变化。如:
Please tell me. Who will give us a talk this afternoon? (合并为一句) →tell me __w_h_o__w_il_l_g_i_ve_____ us a talk this afternoon.
考点6:含有宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句 1.陈述部分是“I/We think (know, believe, suppose, consider) +that从句”或者是“I'm/We're sure that…; I'm/We're afraid that…; I/We hope that…; It seems that…”时,附加疑问部分的 主语应和从句一致,但需注意否定前移的情况。如: I don't think he is right, ___i_s_h_e______? I'm sure that you know him well, ___d_o_n_'t_y_o_u_____?
考点2:宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 不论从句由什么引导词引导,也不论主句是陈述句还是疑问 句,宾语从句一律用陈述句语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语 +其他”结构。 如: We don't know when will they arrive. (×) We don't know when they will arrive. (√) Could you tell me who is he waiting for? (×) Could you tell me who he is waiting for? (√)
(2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,需用连词if或 whether引导,译为“是否”,不可省略。如:
Could you tell us? Will he come here? →Could you tell us if/whether he will come here? 注意:if和whether在引导宾语从句时一般可以换用,但以 下三种情况只可以用whether,不可以用if。 ①当从句中含有or连接的选择成分时。如: We didn't know whether or not she was ready. 我们不知道她是否已做好准备。
2.如果主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,则宾语从句需要 使用表示过去的某种时态。如:
He said that he played computer games last night. I knew she had cleaned the classroom already. 3.如果宾语从句所表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、 名言、警句、谚语等,多用一般现在时。如: He said time is money. Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
②当从句作介词的宾语时。如: I'm interested in whether he has joined the army. 我对他是否已经入伍感兴趣。 ③当宾语从句移至句首表示强调时。 如: Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. 这是否真实,我不确定。 (3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时,则用连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which或连接副词when, where, why, how等 引导。它们在句中均充当一定成分,一般不可省略。如: Could you tell me? Where is the nearest bank? →Could you tell me where the nearest bank is?
相关主题