初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]英语语法——主谓一致（就近、就远原则）就近原则：也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
.①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II. 非正式文体中：有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。
.Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。
（非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。
.No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。
（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。
“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
英语就近原则短语be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk....nor... Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right. ...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday. only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from例子：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。
本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。
一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等 + 名词或代词连用时, 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be2. A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered3. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play4. Nobody but Jane ________ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is known5. All but one ________ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were二、当 either ... or ...; neither ... nor...;not only... but also...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
6. Either you or the headmaster ________ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. was handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one examination after another.A. isB. areC. amD. be三、当“the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
8. He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been9. She is one of the few girls who ________ in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well paidC. is paying wellD. are paying well四、当news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
10. Every possible means ________ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used五、当分数(百分数)+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。
11. ________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are六、the number of...(……的数目)短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;当a number of...(许多……)短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
12. The number of people invited ________fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wereD. were; were七、当“疑问词 + 不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
13. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided以上仅从七个方面归纳了主谓一致的特殊情况,但在实际学习中还不止这些,希望同学们在以后的学习中对此多加留意,以不断丰富、充实其内容,为未来高考做好准备。
参考答案: 1—5 AAABD 6—10 DBDBC 11—13 CCA。