定语从句（一）--------关系代词的用法一．定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who，whom和whose，关系副词包括where，when，why等。
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
（that作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作主语）The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）3. who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.翻译：指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。
例如：Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.翻译：5..whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow2. 关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时；例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop你在商店里有什么要买的东西吗c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时；例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人和物时；例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁1. Do you know the man who is talking with our teacher先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
2. This is the doctor whom I saw yesterday.先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
3. Do you like the book whose color is blue先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
4. I’ve lost the pen which I like best.先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
5. The person that telephoned me is a reporter先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
做题思路：1、首先要分清主句与从句；2、然后找出先行词3、分析从句中缺少什么成分；4、再看先行词指人，还是指物；5、在此基础上，选定恰当的关系代词。
1. The man ____ is standing there is my father.A. whoB. whomC. which2. The girl ______coat is red is waiting at the gateA. who’sB. whoseC. that of which.3. That is the day ______I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when4. Who was the man _____ spoke to you just nowA. whoB. whomC. that5. It is the best film ____ she has ever seen.A. thatB. whichC. when6. China is a country _____ has a long history.A. whoB. whichC. where7. The boy ___ I talked with just now is my best friend.A. whoB. whichC. where8. We know Jackie Chan ___ movies are very popular with the young.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which9. He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what10. The pen ______he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which填上适合的关系代词并指出在句子中作什么成分。
1. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.2. This is the book you want.3. I once lived in a house window was broken.4. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.5. The house _____we live in is very old.6. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now7. I’m waiting for the woman with you talked just now.8. The town in he lives is far from here.9 This is the biggest building ________we have ever built in our school.10. This is the second school ________ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.定语从句（二）---关系副词的用法一．概述定语从句中的关系副词是where ，when 和why，1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语eg. Please tell me the reason why you are late.其中why 的用法比较固定，通常先行词必须是the reason，when 和where的用法要求有两点，第一，先行词分别表示时间和地点，第二，一定要在从句中作状语，否则即使先行词是指时间地点的也不能用when 和where。
二．关系副词=介词+关系代词关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换why=for which where=in/at which when=in/on/during which：1. The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.翻译：2. I don’t know the year when/in which he went to school.翻译：3. Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.翻译：三. 判断关系代词与关系副词的辨别：方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。
例如：This is the village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was heldIs this the museum ____you visitedA. whereB. thatC. on which1. That is the town ______ he was born.B. whereC. whenD. why2. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years agoA. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one3. Is this the river _____I can swimA. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one4. I love places ______the people are really friendly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who5. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the countryA. whoB. who'sC. whichD. whose6. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when7. This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for which8. The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.9. The house I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.10. I don’t know the reason he looks unhappy today.考点一：关系代词who,whom,whose的选择：This is the man _____often helps you.He is the student _______composition won the first prize.Don’t get close to the house _____roof is under repair.The person with _______I shook hands is my teacher.考点二：关系代词和关系副词的选择：1.①This is the market _____you can buy many things .②This is the market _____sells all kinds of things.2. (1) There’s one point _____we must insist on.(2) She reached a point ____she was supposed to make decisions of her own.3. (1) I didn’t believe the reason _____he explained to me.(2) I didn’t believe the reason ____ he went there.4. It’s a job ____ you are doing something serious but interesting.It’s a job_______ I dislike5. There was a time ____I hated to go to school.非限制性定语从句Revision定语从句(attributive clauses)通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。