Exercises for guessing the meaningI. Guess the meaning of the underlined parts and write down in the blanks. Mark the information which is useful to guess the meaning. （Yesterday's homework）No. 1. （2011湖南卷）（如在家里一样舒适的，家常的）Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.No. 2.（必需品）A cellphone is a must for today's older workers instead of young people.No. 3. （2011年湖南卷A篇）（引人注目的，重要的）Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers, especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Eastern cooking. 1No.4. （who is ••下定义，木匠）A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter .No. 5 （or,同义同位，B）"Background music, or ' Muzak ' , can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---- such as the commercialisation of Christmas--- onto consumeer and influence their behavior, " experts said.“Muzak" now refers to.A. a companyB. a kind of music C a song D. an instrumentNo. 6 （because因果关系+常识，A）Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots（嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees.The word " pruning " meansA. Regular cutting （修剪）of the plantsB. Frequent wateringC. Regular use of chemicalsD. Growing the plants high in the mountainNo. 7 （like,举例归纳，C）Positive thinking stories can create change in a person. Whether you 're struggling through apernicious habit like smoking or drug taking, or you are finding it hard to get out of an abusive （虐待的）relationship, reading success stories from people whohave experienced what you 're going through can help encourage you to finally change the things that you don 't like about yourself.What does the underlined word pernicious " mean?A. MentalB. HealthyC. HarmfulD. LifelongNo. 8 （ 05广东卷）（对比转折unlike, D ）Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can 't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.”The underlined word roughly means.A. encouragedB. comparedC. examinedD. developedNo.9 （but,对比转折B）Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide," said researchers from the National University of Singapore.The underlined word trumped "in the first paragraph can be replaced by.A. increasedB. beatenC. strenghthenedD. equaledNo. 10 （上下文提示，C）His family still holds a controlling stake （控股权）in The New York Times. He was a strongbeliever in family ownership of newspapers. He once joked: My conclusion is simple. Nepotismworks.”What does the underlined word Nepotism " probably refer to?A. FriendshipB. PoliticsC. Family ownershipD. Freedom of speechNo. 11. （2011年湖南卷B）（代词回指，上下文，A）He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war.For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it_was because of the cigarettes. Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.The underlined word it "in Paragraph 6 refers to the father . ' sA. weak heartB. taking a shore jobC. failure to return to seaD. injury caused by a torpedoNo. 12（常识；日食）China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday.The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309, " he said.II. Read the following strategies of guessing the meaning. Find the proper strategy for each example and write the correspondent letter in the brackets. （Yesterday ' s homework）A. Definition（定义描述）:一般通过定义，定语（从句）或同位语（从句）信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as破定义为）,that is （to say）, in other words,—（破折号），to put it another way引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。

B. Contrast （对比转折）：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（词组）信号词:yet, but, while, though, however, otherwise, on the one hand ••- on the other hand, for one thing••- for another, instead; instead of , rather than , unlike, on the contrary 等。

C. Similarity （同义同位）:利用同义词，近义词（词组）或相似的结构信号词: or, like, as, as-- as, the same asD. Cause & effect （因果关系）：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因信号词：because, since, as, for, due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to, so, therefore, thus, so…that, such…that;E. Examples （举例归纳）:利用文中的举例猜测词义信号词：for example/instance, such as, like, include, consist of ;F. Word formation （ 构词法）:F1 派生（derivation ） e.g. international , prefix （前缀）:inter-, suffix （后缀）:-al;F2 合成（compounding ） e.g. blackboard, consisting of two words: black & boardF3 转换（conversion ） e.g. have a look （n.） look （v.）G. Context （上下推断）:利用语境及前后的提示；（1） “小”上下文，即生词附近的内容 ；（2） “大”上下文，即距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推断篇章H. Common sense （生活常识）：根据普通常识和社会经验 附：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶） un-（不，非）in-（不，非） mal-（坏,非，不良，不当）-able （能…的）-less （不，无） 2011湖南高考阅读理解中出现的生词 collectivedisbelief unavoidablespecialize inaccessibleunexamined experiential2012湖南高考阅读理解中出现的生词 unwrap multi-branchedreportedlyouter flexibility durability III. Read the following passages and choose the best answer with the methods learnt in this period.A（B,常识） Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slowglobal warming.The phrase " mopping up " in the panagaaiph.A. cleaning upB. taking inC. wiping outD. giving out B（转义，描绘） When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modernlife?C （同位关系，B ）In these positions, I showed the ability to solve a variety of issues and complaints such as billing disputes（争端）,service interruptions and equipment malfunctions.The underlined word malfunctions " can be replaced by.A. repairsB. failuresC. managementD. purchasingD micro-（极微小的） im-（不） non-（不，非）-wards （向） mindful partially unused pleasantly toughnessenrich（转折，however, A）Archetects are now competing to build everhigher, evergreener wooden buildings. Already constructions has begun on a 10-floor residential block made from CLT in Melbourne, Australia.However, building regulations threaten to nip the growth of wooden structures in the bud.The underlined word nip" in the passage may mean.A. preventB. promoteC. achieveD. maintainE （2010福建，B）（构词法，合成；B）Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban （塔利班）,which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one.Q: The underlined word outlawed" in Paragraph.2 probably means ”.A. allowedB. bannedC. offeredD. refusedF （2010课标全国，D ）（上下文，B）I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. Q: Which of the following words can best take the place of the word relish " in the second paragraph?A. chooseB. enjoyC. prepare forD. carry onG （2012陕西，C） and,同义同位，C）The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.Q: The underlined word modest" in Paragraph.3 most probably means .A. relatively highB. extremely lowC. relatively lowD. extremely highH （2012 浙江,A）（上下文，because, climate change ••- .rising temperatures ••- harmful effects; A ）Easter is still a great day for worship, candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.Q: The word culprit ” （Paragraph 2） is closest in meaning to .A. criminalB. judgeC. victimD. producerI （2012年湖南卷A篇）（代词回指，上下文，D）I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photoof the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other. I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped mychildhood, I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.58. The underlined word " it raphn3Pefags to a poem by.A. the fatherB. the authorC. William BlakeD. Edgar Allan PoeK (2011四川卷，A 篇)解释(B) So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5:00 a.m.? What gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? Commitment.A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daliy anxiety, increases self -contidence and energy, extends life and and above all improve my body shape. This is the point where a smile appears on my face as I look at myself in themirror or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit just right. It' s through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out.43.What does the underlined word" commitment " in the last paragraph mean? A. Good health. B. Firm belief. C. A strong power. D. A regular habit. 【食军析】 Bo 根据 commitment 后句 "A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases selfconfidence and energy ,..." 这一解释句可以看出，这是一种试图 通过一种方式来改变生活的“坚定信念” 。