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personification 英语修辞学拟人和双关
2014/5/6
拟人佳文赏析:
The Daffodils
William Wordsworth
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The Daffodils
I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o‘er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
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练习题:
①He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.
其中的grave有两个含义,一个是“严肃 的”(形容词),一个是“坟墓”(名词), 因此这句话的意思是: 他不是一个严肃的人,除非他躺到坟墓里, 才能严肃起来。
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②They pray for you today and prey on you tomorrow.
Generally considered a type of metaphor) in which an inanimate object or abstraction is given human qualities or abilities.
• As personifications of their respective nations, England and the U.S., John Bull and Uncle Sam became popular during the 19th century.
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任务回顾:
• 从自由诗歌浅析拟人 Thank you. • 通过打油诗浅析双关
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William Wordsworth
诗人孤寂时外出散步,偶遇水仙
水仙争相开放,千姿百态
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The Daffodils
The waves beside them danced; but they Outdid the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed - and gazed - but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For it, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.
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2).
A tutor who taught on the flute Tried to teach two tooters to toot, “Is it harder to toot, or Said the two to the tutor, To tutor two tooters to toot?“
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The figure of speech--
Pun
• 汉语:在一定的语言环境中,利用词的多义或同 音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义,言在此而 意在彼,这种修辞手法叫做双关。
• 英语:The clever or humorous use of a word that has more than one meaning, or of words that have different meanings but sound the same.
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下面是其中的三个例子,如果你能看懂、听懂,肯 定会觉得pun很有意思。
①He drove his expensive car into a tree and found out how the Mercedes bends.
• 他违章超速驾驶,结果将昂贵的名车撞到树上,他终于看 到他的奔驰车(Mercedes)是怎样撞弯(bends)的。 • 这句话的幽默之处是将Mercedes Benz(奔驰车)中的Benz, 故意改写成bends。
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• Personification, with allegory, was the literary rage in the 18th century, but it goes against the modern grain and today is the feeblest of metaphorical devices. E.g: Beware the evil food.--天使芒果 Always win.--佳得乐总是赢
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水仙花
• 我孤独的漫游,像一朵云 在山丘和谷地上飘荡, 忽然见我看见一群 金色的水仙花迎春开放, 在树荫下,在湖水边, 迎着微风起舞翩翩。 连绵不绝,如繁星灿烂, 在银河里闪闪发光, 它们沿着湖湾的边缘 延伸成无穷无尽的一行; 我一眼看见了一万朵, 在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
• 每当我躺在床上不眠, 或心神空茫,或默默沉思, 它们常在心灵中闪现, 那是孤独之中的福; 于是我的心便涨满幸福, 和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
其中的pray(祈祷)和prey(捕食),发音相同, 外形相似, 因此这句话的意思是: 们今天为你祈祷,明天就会加害于你。
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Pun has a lot of advantages such as conciseness, wit and humor, novelty, vividness. It produces a particularly rhetorical and pragmatic effect when people use the language creatively in a specified context.
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• 赏析(这个是附着<水仙花>的部分讲解简要)
《水仙花》是威廉.华兹华斯浪漫主义诗歌的代表作。其口语化的语 言是浪漫主义风格的一大特点。文笔朴素清新,自然流畅。这首诗歌 强调了诗人对大自然的热爱以及回忆的重要性。
诗歌前两节描写了诗人看到的美丽的自然景色。第三节描写了诗人的 内心感觉:欢乐,平和。 • 诗人运用了第一人称(浪漫主义的另一特点),他把自己比作一朵浮 云,在这一片水仙花上俯视着它们。 • 诗人还运用拟人手法表达了对大自然的热爱:The cloud wandered, the waves danced,但其重点还是放在水仙花上。他把它们写成“a crowd”,“a host”,“a company”,“They dance and toss their heads”,它们还会表达欢乐愉快(“glee”,“jocund”) 的心情呢! 诗歌的最后一节,诗人强调了回忆的重要性。他告诉我们当他处于空 虚黯然的心情(in vacant or pensive mood),这一簇簇美丽的水 仙花就会出现在他的回忆中(flash upon that inward eye),诗歌 中的“inward eye”就是指他的回忆。它们帮助他度过了生命中的困 难时期。当我们处在孤独与无助时,我们也可以回忆我们曾经感受大 自然的美好时光,让自己感觉好起来。
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打油诗(Limericks):
通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌,一般没有标题 也无作者姓名,含有幽默讽刺性,常运用 双关,内韵等手法。
每首诗五个诗行,押韵为aabba,格律以抑 扬格和抑抑扬格为主。
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1).
有个尼日尔小姑娘, 笑咪咪骑在虎背上。 他们兜风回返, 姑娘到了里边, 笑容挂在了虎脸上。
English Rhetoric
personification & pun
From: Mia
通过文学作品浅析拟人和双关两种修辞格
1. Free poems personification 2. Limepeech--
personification
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②Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana.
• 这句话乍一看,好象是说:时光像箭一样飞逝,水果像香 蕉一样飞逝。 • 其实这句话后半部分的真正意思是:果蝇喜欢吃香蕉,也 就是fruit flies/like/a banana 。
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③A bicycle can’t stand on its own because it is two-tyred.
• 这句话的表面意思是:自行车自己站不起来,因为它只有 两个轮胎(two-tyred)。 • 而这句话的另外一个意思是:这辆自行车被它的主人骑了 很长时间,它现在太累了(too tired)。
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粼粼波光也跳着舞, 水仙的欢欣却胜过水波; 与这样快活的伴侣为伍, 诗人怎能不满心快乐! 我久久凝望,却想象不到 这奇景赋予我多少财宝。
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The speaker is wandering as if among the clouds, viewing a belt of daffodils, next to a lake whose beauty is overshadowed. Personification is used within the poem, particularly with regards to the flowers themselves, and the whole passage consists of images appearing within the mind of the poet. William Wordsworth used personification to express his love of nature and the importance of memories