一、动词不定式动词不定式的基本结构为“to do sth”（有时可以省略to）,在句中除了不能充当谓语外其他成分都可以充当，如主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等，这学期我们主要学习动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语。
1.作宾语需要用动词不定式做宾语的动词有：want, hope, wish, like ,begin,start, forget, remember, need, ask, learn, decide, would like, try, offer, plan, refuse, agree, help等。
Remember to post the letter.I hope to stay with you拓展：（1）当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常需要形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语（不定式）置于宾语补足语之后，其结构为：主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式。
I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.（2）当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.He began to read and write after dinner.（3）动词不定式可以和疑问词who(m), which, what, when, how, where(why除外)等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。
How to control the water pollution is a big problem.The trouble is whom to invite.（4）”疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句I don’t know what to do next time.= I don’t know what I should do next time.2.作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或者怎么样。
其后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有：ask, tell, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish, advise等。
The doctor advised him to take a good rest.We asked him to sing a pop song at the party.拓展：（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时，在使役动词和感官动词后面需要省略to，常见的此类动词有：have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch.The boss made the workers work over 10 hours a day in the past.I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike,（2）help接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号可以省略也可以不省略。
He often comes to help us (to) do some farming work.3.作目的状语动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可以放在句子的末尾，但在句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号与句子隔开，而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。
He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.练习1. The children decide _______ their school yard this Friday afternoon.A.cleanB.to cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned2. He lost his key. It made him ______ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.A.to stayB.stayedC.staysD.stay3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _______ me.A.helpB.helpingC.to helpD.helps4. It was time for class. Mr King asked all the children________ down quietly.A.sitB.satC.to sitD.sitting5. ______ a book in the library, you should enter a key word into the computer first.A.To findB.FindC.To writeD. Write6.---Which dress do you like best, Madam?---Sorry, I can’t decide ________ now.A.to buy which oneB.buy which oneC.which one to buyD.which I should buy it7. Try to sing more English songs, and you will find it interesting ______ a foreign language.A.learningB.learnsC.learnD.to learn8. ---I will go ho Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?---I haven’t decided where _______.A.goB.wentC.goingD.to go9.--- Why don’t you go out to play, Rose?---Because I have much homework _______.A.doB.doesC.doingD.to do二、动名词Communicating is more than just speaking.交流不仅仅是说话Debbie enjoys smiling and always looks friendly.黛比喜欢微笑并且看上去总是很友好I’m looking forward to going to Beijing.我正盼望着去北京。
动名词是由“动词原形+ing”构成，它在句中可作多种成分。
变化规则一般在词尾加ing。
buy-buying wait-waiting rain-raining以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing。
use-using ride-riding以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing。
begin-beginning cut-cutting少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。
die-dying lie-lying tie-tying以oe,ee,ye结尾的动词，直接在词尾加ing。
see-seeing flee-fleeing用法1.作主语常位于句首，此时位于动词应使用第三人称单数形式。
Swimming in the sea is her favourite sport.2.作表语用于表示主语是什么。
My favourite hobby is collecting stamps.3.作动词和介词的宾语I practice speaking English everyday.After finishing his homework, he went to bed.4.作定语动名词可以用于所修饰的名词前表示该事物的用途，也可以使用“for+动名词”形式位于所修饰的名词前。
a swimming pool=a pool of for swimming.1.The retired couple enjoy_________ photos. They always go out with their cameras.A.takeB.tookC.to takeD.taking2. ---Thanks very much for ___________（invite）me to your birthday party.3.______ the competition brought her more than just fame.A. WinB. WinningC. WonD. Winner4.Watching TV too much _______ good for your eyes.A.isB.isn’tC.areD.aren’t5.---Would you mind_______ the window?--- Not at all.A.openingB.openC.to openD.opens6.What about______ the guitar?A.practising playingB.practise to playC.practise playingD.practising to play7.They left the room without _____ a word.A.sayB.to sayC.sayingD.says三、被动语态1.No nets are required for this type of fishing.这种捕鱼方式不需要网。
2.Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China...曾经中国东南部很多地方从事鸬鹚捕鱼业......3.A music show will be held in the school hall at 4p.m. on Tuesday, 4 May.5月4日星期二下午4点，将在学校大厅举行音乐表演。
说明：句1是一般现在时的被动语态，句2是一般过去时的被动语态，句3是一般将来时的被动语态。
英语的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
1.基本构成be+过去分词Football is played all over the world. 足球风靡世界。
Is it made of bamboo? 它是用竹子做的吗？2.基本变法We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态主语谓语宾语其余部分That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态主语谓语宾语其余部分宾语提前做主语，主语变为介词by的宾语，谓语变为be+过去分词，时态根据主动语态来确定。